Levels of proinflammatory and prothrombotic biomarkers in antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) positive patients compared with healthy controls: combined and subgroup analysis
| Biomarkers Median (IQR) | Controls n: 30 | Combined n: 41 | PAPS n: 18 | SLE/APS n: 7 | SLE/aPL n: 7 | Primary aPL n: 9 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL6 (pg/mL) | 0.7 (0.0) | 38.0* (47.3) | 31.2* (48.4) | 12.2* (103.5) | 2.7* (76.8) | 0.4 (0.7) |
| IL1β (pg/mL) | 0.3 (0.1) | 4.7* (25.1) | 3.0* (7.7) | 11.4* (20.1) | 0.5 (5.1) | 0.3 (0.6) |
| IL8 (pg/mL) | 27.4 (30.0) | 42.6 (43.9) | 24.5** (48.4) | 27.4** (53.7) | 21.6** (48.9) | 7.2 (50.4) |
| VEGF (pg/mL) | 88.3 (85.2) | 225.1* (318.4) | 242.2*** (399.6) | 109.1 (348.4) | 67.2 (499.4) | 74.6 (158.3) |
| TNFα (pg/mL) | 0.5 (0.0) | 29.9* (27.3) | 21.5*,** (50.5) | 11.6*,** (24.1) | 53.9** (62.5) | 8.9* (15.7) |
| IFNα (pg/mL) | 0.1 (10.2) | 12.9* (115.7) | 10.1 (88.4) | 0.3 (367.1) | 13.2 (558.5) | 0.3 (512.2) |
| IP10 (pg/mL) | 96.2 (58.0) | 584.4* (551.8) | 427.2*,** (569.8) | 656.2*,** (454.8) | 472.5*,** (690.5) | 249.7 (698.9) |
| sCD40L (pg/mL) | 16.4 (14.6) | 230.1* (2730.8) | 276.5* (676.0) | 145.6* (5159.8) | 76.9* (970.0) | 149.7* (17 035.6) |
| sTF (pM) | 13.0 | 134.0* (206.0) | 153.6* (381.0) | 329.2* (447.0) | 102.1* (177.0) | 190.4* (139.0) |
| sICAM-1 (ng/mL) | 9.5 | 151.3* (300.2) | 281.6*,*** (406.8) | 55.1* (70.3) | 2.8 (32.9) | 163.5 (341.7) |
| sVCAM-1 (ng/mL) | 33.7 | 41.9 (444.2) | 1128.4*,*** (1152.8) | 156.4 (19.3) | 41.1 (27.2) | 321.3 (1015.1) |
| sE-sel (ng/mL) | 10.1 | 14.1 (27.5) | 27.7* (36.7) | 14.7 (20.4) | 4.1 (21.5) | 10.9 (26.4) |
| # of biomarker elevated* | 9/12 | 9/12 | 7/12 | 4/12 | 3/12 |
The mean levels of aCL IgG (53.3 GPL), aCL IgM (30.9 MPL), aCL IgA (13.7 APL), antiB2GPI IgG (42.3 SGU), antiB2GPI IgM (44.7 SMU) and antiB2GPI IgA (29.8 SAU) were significantly higher compared to healthy controls (p<0.05).
*p<0.05 compared with controls, **p<0.05 compared with primary aPL patients, ***p<0.05 in PAPS versus all other patient groups.
APS, antiphospholipid syndrome; IFNα, interferon α; IL, interleukin; IP10, inducible protein 10; PAPS, primary antiphospholipid syndrome; sCD40L, soluble CD 40 ligand; sEsel, soluble E-selectin; sICAM-1, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus; sTF, soluble tissue factor; sVCAM-1, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.