DALYs for low back pain (LBP) associated with occupational ergonomic exposures—by region—1990 and 2010 (‘000s)
| Male | Female | Persons | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2010 | 1990 | 2010 | 1990 | 2010 | |||||||
| High-income Asia Pacific | 290 | (173–442)* | 276 | (166–422) | 190 | (110–301) | 173 | (106–272) | 480 | (297–713) | 448 | (289–658) |
| Western Europe | 754 | (501–1060) | 709 | (463–1021) | 461 | (312–650) | 534 | (356–760) | 1215 | (816–1685) | 1243 | (818–1793) |
| Australasia | 34 | (21–51) | 42 | (26–63) | 18 | (12–27) | 27 | (17–41) | 52 | (34–76) | 69 | (44–100) |
| High-income North America | 344 | (223–516) | 339 | (215–493) | 162 | (100–236) | 229 | (138–340) | 507 | (336–734) | 567 | (365–810) |
| Central Europe | 264 | (162–392) | 233 | (145–345) | 191 | (118–287) | 151 | (94–220) | 455 | (288–665) | 385 | (247–555) |
| Southern Latin America | 60 | (35–94) | 73 | (42–114) | 25 | (14–39) | 38 | (21–59) | 85 | (54–127) | 110 | (69–164) |
| Eastern Europe | 344 | (221–487) | 300 | (190–437) | 274 | (175–393) | 250 | (162–361) | 618 | (409–863) | 550 | (361–783) |
| East Asia | 2886 | (1777–4255) | 3403 | (2098–5039) | 2027 | (1179–3170) | 2485 | (1472–3771) | 4913 | (3139–7170) | 5887 | (3768–8565) |
| Tropical Latin America | 390 | (238–601) | 517 | (298–815) | 195 | (120–317) | 280 | (169–430) | 585 | (369–875) | 798 | (493–1187) |
| Central Latin America | 203 | (132–305) | 311 | (196–461) | 53 | (34–79) | 122 | (79–176) | 256 | (170–374) | 433 | (286–618) |
| Southeast Asia | 959 | (610–1411) | 1333 | (871–1914) | 682 | (428–1018) | 807 | (513–1205) | 1641 | (1041–2433) | 2139 | (1409–3092) |
| Central Asia | 115 | (72–172) | 140 | (87–211) | 83 | (52–125) | 95 | (61–141) | 198 | (128–286) | 234 | (152–339) |
| Andean Latin America | 34 | (21–52) | 61 | (37–96) | 15 | (9–23) | 41 | (24–63) | 49 | (31–72) | 102 | (66–149) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 869 | (565–1251) | 1180 | (766–1703) | 351 | (217–533) | 464 | (284–714) | 1220 | (804–1757) | 1644 | (1059–2402) |
| Caribbean | 48 | (31–71) | 56 | (36–84) | 20 | (13–30) | 28 | (18–42) | 68 | (44–99) | 85 | (55–121) |
| South Asia | 2357 | (1500–3404) | 2993 | (1970–4258) | 1507 | (917–2289) | 1613 | (1028–2341) | 3864 | (2474–5470) | 4605 | (3022–6457) |
| Oceania | 12 | (7–20) | 20 | (12–33) | 8 | (4–13) | 13 | (7–22) | 20 | (12–31) | 33 | (20–51) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 51 | (34–76) | 68 | (45–96) | 35 | (23–51) | 48 | (32–69) | 86 | (58–124) | 116 | (79–161) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 391 | (253–565) | 643 | (415–929) | 290 | (186–413) | 432 | (284–615) | 680 | (448–965) | 1075 | (708–1523) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 79 | (45–126) | 152 | (84–243) | 71 | (40–118) | 128 | (72–214) | 150 | (90–226) | 281 | (165–435) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 443 | (287–642) | 622 | (390–910) | 256 | (159–386) | 322 | (196–493) | 698 | (455–1022) | 944 | (600–1364) |
| Total | 10 929 | (7340–15 116) | 13 471 | (8968–18 945) | 6912 | (4487–9835) | 8279 | (5502–11 602) | 17 841 | (11 846–24 945) | 21 750 | (14 492–30 533) |
*The numbers in parentheses are the limits of the 95% uncertainty level.
DALY, disability-adjusted life year.