Characteristics of the included studies
| Author (year) | Patients with hand OA | Healthy controls | Inclusion criteria for hand OA diagnosis | Age, mean (range) | Female (%) | Symptom duration, mean (range) | Scored joints* | Scoring system (REF)† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US studies | ||||||||
| Arrestier (2011)31 | 55 | 46 | ACR ‘90 | 61 (51–89) | 93 | 5 Years (0–30) | PIP+DIP | R57 |
| Iagnocco (2000)37 | 57 | 20 | ACR ‘90 | 61 (57–71) | 76 | 1 Year (0–3) | CMC1 (1H) | U |
| Iagnocco (2005)38 | 110 | – | Symptomatic and CR | 65 (44–88) | 100 | 4 Years (1–12) | PIP+DIP | 58 |
| Keen (2008)40 | 7 | – | NR | NR | NR | NR | CMC1+MCP+PIP+DIP (1H) | U |
| Keen (2008)41 | 37 | – | Symptomatic and CR or ACR ‘90 | 57‡ (53–66)§ | 83 | 4 Years‡ (3–8)§ | CMC1+MCP+PIP+DIP | R40 |
| Keen (2008)42 | 36 | 19 | Symptomatic and CR or ACR ‘90 | 58‡ (53–66)§ | 86 | NR | CMC1+MCP+PIP+DIP | 40 41 |
| Keen (2010)43 | 36 | – | Symptomatic and CR or ACR ‘90 | 58‡ (53–66)§ | 86 | 4 Years‡ (2–9)§ | CMC1+MCP+PIP+DIP (1H) | 40 |
| Klauser (2012)44 | 33 | – | ACR '90 | 64 (46–76) | 85 | 6 Years (2–11) | CMC1+MCP+PIP+DIP (1H) | R40 |
| Kortekaas (2010)45 | 55 | – | ACR ‘90 | 62 (8) | 87 | 5 Years‡ (0–55) | CMC1+MCP+PIP+DIP | 40 57 |
| Kortekaas (2011)46 | 55 | – | ACR ‘90 | 61 (9)‡ | 86 | 5 Years* (0–55) | CMC1+MCP+PIP+DIP | R40 |
| Koutroumpas (2010)47 | 18 | – | ACR ‘90 and erosion on CR | 61 (46–71) | 89 | 5 Years (1–18) | CMC1+MCP+PIP+DIP | U |
| Mancarella (2010)48 | 25 | 10 | ACR ‘90 | 65 (8)§ | 92 | 7 Years‡ (3–13)§ | MCP+PIP+DIP | 40 59 |
| Vlychou (2009)51 | 22 | – | ACR ‘90 and CR | 62 (51–71) | 91 | 4 Years (NR) | CMC1+MCP+PIP+DIP | R60 |
| Wittoek (2010)52 | 38 | – | ACR ‘90 | 61 (6) | 87 | 10 Years (5) | PIP+DIP | U |
| MRI and US studies | ||||||||
| Wittoek (2011)53 | 14 | – | ACR ‘90 | 61‡ (49–73) | 67 | 10 Years‡ (2–25) | PIP+DIP | R61 |
| MRI studies | ||||||||
| Grainger (2007)33 | 15 | – | ACR ‘90 | 59 (51–68) | 93 | 9 Patients: <1 year 6 Patients: ≥1 year | 1 DIP or PIP (1H) | 61 |
| Haugen (2011)34 | 10 | – | Symptomatic | 70 (6) | 90 | NR | PIP+DIP (1H) | U |
| Haugen (2011)35 | 85 | – | ACR '90 or CR | 69 (6) | 91 | NR | PIP+DIP (1H) | R34 |
| Haugen (2011)36 | 106 | – | ACR '90 or CR | 69 (6) | 92 | NR | PIP+DIP (1H) | 34 35 |
| Tan (2005)29 | 30 | 18 | Symptomatic | 58 (49–68) | 80 | 3 Years | 1 DIP or PIP (1H) | U |
| Scintigraphy studies | ||||||||
| Balblanc (1995)32 | 15 | – | Symptomatic and CR | 59 (42–69) | 93 | NR | PIP+DIP | U |
| Jónsson (1999)39 | All patients¶: 297 | – | – | NR | 64 | NR | CMC1+MCP PIP+DIP | U |
| Macfarlane (1993)28 | 35 | – | CR | 62 (9) | 91 | 11 Years (9)‡ | TB+MCP +PIP+DIP | U |
| McCarthy (1994)49 | Knee OA: 67 | – | – | 62 (10) | 61 | NR | TB+MCP +PIP+DIP | U |
| Olejárova (2000)50 | 52 | – | Symptomatic and CR | 67 (8) | 88 | 15 Years (NR) | CMC1+MCP PIP+DIP | U |
R=The referenced method was used, but it was revised or had new additions; U=no hand OA article has previously used the method, or it is unclear if this is a new or previously used method.
*Both hands were scored in all studies, except for the studies indicated with (1H).
†This column shows the reference to the scoring method that was used in the study.
‡Median; §IQR.
¶All patients undergoing bone scanning were included, not just those with hand OA.
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; CMC1, first carpometacarpal joint; CR, conventional radiography; DIP, distal interphalangeal joint; MCP, metacarpal joint; NR, not reported; OA, osteoarthritis; PIP, proximal interphalangeal joint; TB, first carpometacarpal+scaphotrapezotrapezoidal joint scored as one joint; US, ultrasonography.