Summary of associations with Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score at a minimum of 10 years’ psoriatic arthritis disease duration (235 patients)
| Variable | Proportion (%) | Effect on HAQ* (median disease duration 13 years) | SE | p Value | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline† | 0.09 | 0.140 | 0.51 | (−0.18 to 0.37) | |
| Male sex | 52.8 | ||||
| Female sex | 47.2 | 0.39 | 0.095 | <0.01 | (0.20 to 0.57) |
| <50 years of age at diagnosis | 77.9 | ||||
| >50 years of age at diagnosis* | 22.1 | 0.27 | 0.121 | 0.03 | (0.03 to 0.51) |
| <1 year symptom duration prior to diagnosis | 69.4 | ||||
| >1 year symptom duration prior to diagnosis* | 30.6 | 0.22 | 0.102 | 0.03 | (0.02 to 0.42) |
| Never smoked | 43.0 | ||||
| Smoker (current or ever) | 57.0 | 0.23 | 0.097 | 0.02 | (0.04 to 0.42) |
| Never had DMARD or anti-TNF | 16.2 | ||||
| History of DMARD use (ever) | 60.0 | 0.26 | 0.135 | 0.06 | (−0.01 to 0.52) |
| History of anti-TNF use (ever) | 23.8 | 0.63 | 0.154 | <0.01 | (0.32 to 0.93) |
*Effect on HAQ is the difference from baseline, associated with the variable adjusted for calendar effect using a smoothing spline.
†Baseline is the estimated HAQ score for when all variables are zero, that is, male gender, ≤50 years of age, diagnosis in year of symptom, non-smoker, no history of DMARD or anti-TNF.
DMARD, disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.