Characteristics of patients with SLE and healthy controls
| Characteristic | SLE patients | Healthy controls |
|---|---|---|
| (n=79) | (n=27) | |
| Age, mean (range) | 36 (20–69) | 32 (18–71) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||
| Female | 71 (89.9) | 20 (74.1) |
| Male | 8 (10.1) | 7 (25.9) |
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||
| Caucasian | 71 (89.9) | 27 (100) |
| Asian | 8 (10.1) | 0 |
| Afro-American | 0 (0) | 0 |
| ACR criteria, mean (range) | 6.2 (4–9) | NA |
| Disease duration, mean (range) | 9.6 (0–29) | NA |
| mSLEDAI-2K, mean (range) | 4.2 (0–17) | NA |
| BILAG-2004, mean (range) | 8.6 (0–39) | NA |
| Medication for SLE activity, mean (range) | ||
| Prednisolone (mg/day) (n=67) | 8.8 | – |
| Hydroxychloroquine (mg/day) (n=43) | 253.5 | – |
| Azathioprine (mg/day) (n=17) | 92.7 | – |
| Mycophenolate mofetil (mg/day) (n=12) | 1890 | – |
| Cyclophosphamide (mg/month) (n=14) | 796.4 | – |
| Methotrexate (mg/week) (n=5) | 14.5 | – |
ACR, American College of Rheumatology; BILAG-2004, British Isles Lupus Assessment Group 2004 Index; mSLEDAI-2K, modified SLE Disease Activity Index 2000; NA, not applicable; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.