Table 4

Joint effects of childhood and adulthood factors

		OR (95% CI)
Adult characteristics	Childhood characteristics	Age, race-adjusted^*	Mutually-adjusted for SES and smoking-joint effects^†
Educational attainment	Childhood SES score
≥ College degree	None or one	Referent	Referent
	Two or more	1.1 (0.73 to 1.6)	1.1 (0.73 to 1.5)
< College degree	None or one	1.1 (0.87 to 1.5)	1.1 (0.83 to 1.4)
	Two or more	2.0 (1.5 to 2.6)	1.9 (1.4 to 2.5)
Smoking	Father smoked (preconception)
Never	No	Referent	Referent
	Yes	1.3 (0.95 to 1.9)	1.3 (0.91 to 1.8)
Ever	No	1.6 (1.0 to 2.3)	1.5 (1.0 to 2.3)
	Yes	2.0 (1.4 to 2.7)	1.8 (1.3 to 2.5)

↵* Age and race- adjusted; n=364 cases and 42 676 non-cases (complete data on SES/smoking variables); individual models for SES and smoking joint effects.
↵† Adjusted for age, race and mutually adjusted for both sets of joint variables.
SES, socioeconomic status.