Table 4

Phase-specific effects of each intervention^*

		Phase 1		Phase 2		Both phases
	Treatment	Mean change (SD)	Estimated difference (SE)	Mean change (SD)	Estimated difference (SE)	Mean change (SD)	Estimated difference (SE)	Carryover effect test
WOMAC Pain	Realignment	−2.2 (3.3)	−1.9 (1.01); p=0.068	−1.7 (3.8)	−1.8 (0.9); p=0.064	−2.0 (3.5)	−1.8 (0.6); p=0.004	0.10 (1.5); p=0.947
WOMAC Pain	Placebo	−0.3 (4.3)	−1.9 (1.01); p=0.068	0.03 (3.2)	−1.8 (0.9); p=0.064	−0.1 (3.7)	−1.8 (0.6); p=0.004	0.10 (1.5); p=0.947
WOMAC Function	Realignment	−5.1 (12.1)	−3.5 (3.4); p=0.296	−4.6 (9.6)	−2.6 (2.4); p=0.290	−4.9 (10.9)	−2.9 (1.8); p=0.121	−0.99 (4.3); p=0.82
WOMAC Function	Placebo	−2.0 (8.4)	−3.5 (3.4); p=0.296	−1.6 (13.1)	−2.6 (2.4); p=0.290	−1.8 (10.8)	−2.9 (1.8); p=0.121	−0.99 (4.3); p=0.82

↵* Incorporates the carryover effect test and the estimated treatment effect from model 2 (without carryover effect).
WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index.