Risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to the duration of physician-diagnosed gout at follow-up I interview, the Singapore Chinese Health Study (1999–2009)
| HR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Model 1* | Model 2† | |
| Deaths from all causes | |||
| No gout | 6329 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0–9 Years of gout | 226 | 1.19 (1.04 to 1.36) | 1.17 (1.02 to 1.34) |
| 10+ Years of gout | 105 | 1.33 (1.10 to 1.62) | 1.22 (1.00 to 1.48) |
| p Value for trend | 0.0001 | 0.004 | |
| All cardiovascular deaths | |||
| No gout | 2064 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0–9 Years of gout | 89 | 1.41 (1.14 to 1.74) | 1.28 (1.04 to 1.59) |
| 10+ Years of gout | 45 | 1.70 (1.26 to 2.29) | 1.41 (1.05 to 1.90) |
| p Value for trend | <0.0001 | 0.002 | |
| CHD deaths | |||
| No gout | 1213 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 0–9 Years of gout | 58 | 1.50 (1.15 to 1.96) | 1.40 (1.07 to 1.82) |
| 10+ Years of gout | 27 | 1.64 (1.12 to 2.41) | 1.34 (0.91 to 1.97) |
| p Value for trend | 0.0002 | 0.010 | |
↵* Model 1, adjusted for age at follow-up I, years between baseline and follow-up I, body mass index group (<20, 20–<24, 24–<28, 28+), gender, dialect group (Hokkien, Cantonese), education (non-formal education, primary school, secondary school or higher), alcohol drinking (none/monthly, weekly, daily), moderate physical activity (none, 0.5–3 h/week, 4+ h/week), cigarette smoking (never, former, current), dietary saturated fat density (g/day, quartiles), dietary cholesterol density (mg/day, quartiles).
↵† Model 2, further adjusted for physician-diagnosed hypertension and diabetes mellitus reported at baseline or follow-up I interview.