Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline characteristics | p Value* | HR (95% CI) | p Value | HR (95% CI) | |
Cardiac/vascular events (N=27) | Evaluation of different biomarkers for the occurrence of cardiac/vascular events | ||||
Low EPC (<99 EPC/106 Lin-mononuclear cells) | 0.0004* | 4.72 (2.02 to 11.04) | 0.03 | 3.18 (1.19 to 12.80) | |
High CEC (≥215 CEC/106 Lin-mononuclear cells) | 0.8 | 1.09 (0.51 to 2.31) | NA | – | |
High serum VEGF (≥352 pg/ml) | 0.9 | 0.99 (0.47 to 2.11) | NA | – | |
High serum PlGF (≥61 pg/ml) | 0.0004* | 10.12 (3.36 to 30.50) | 0.02 | 5.01 (1.229 to 20.41) | |
High serum sVCAM (≥614 ng/ml) | 0.02* | 2.81 (1.17 to 6.75) | 0.02 | 3.27 (1.19 to 8.97) | |
Inclusion of biomarkers and other SSc disease characteristics with a p value ≤0.1 | |||||
Low EPC (<99 EPC/106 Lin-mononuclear cells) | 0.0004* | 4.72 (2.02 to 11.04) | 0.03 | 5.14 (1.21 to 21.80) | |
High serum PlGF (≥61 pg/ml) | 0.0004* | 10.12 (3.36 to 30.50) | 0.02 | 5.32 (1.24 to 22.91) | |
High serum sVCAM (≥614 ng/ml) | 0.02* | 2.81 (1.17 to 6.75) | 0.06 | 3.02 (0.98 to 9.27) | |
History of digital ulcers | 0.02* | 2.69 (1.21 to 5.97) | 0.8 | 1.25 (0.369 to 4.41) | |
DLCO/AV <70% | 0.07* | 1.93 (0.939 to 4.01) | 0.2 | 1.46 (0.89 to 3.26) | |
ESR >28 mm H1 | 0.1* | 1.80 (0.849 to 3.86) | 0.09 | 2.90 (0.84 to 10.03) | |
Death from any cause (N=7) | Evaluation of different biomarkers for the occurrence of death | ||||
Low EPC (<99 EPC/106 Lin-mononuclear cells) | 0.0004* | 4.72 (2.02 to 11.04) | 0.1 | 9.05 (0.64 to 127.10) | |
High CEC (≥215 CEC/106 Lin-mononuclear cells) | 0.8 | 1.09 (0.519 to 2.31) | NA | – | |
High serum VEGF (≥352 pg/ml) | 0.9 | 0.99 (0.479 to 2.11) | NA | – | |
High serum PlGF (≥61 pg/ml) | 0.0004* | 9.34 (2.70 to 32.26) | 0.9 | 1.09 (0.11 to 10.85) | |
High serum sVCAM (≥614 ng/ml) | 0.02* | 2.81 (1.179 to 6.75 | 0.07 | 8.45 (0.82 to 87.12) |
↵* Variables included in the multivariate Cox regression analysis.
AV, alveolar volume; CEC, circulating endothelial cells; DLCO, diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; EPC, endothelial progenitor cells; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; PlGF, placental growth factor; SSc, systemic sclerosis; sVCAM, soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.