Comparison between groups on 6MWT parameters with and without cane use
| T0 | T30 | T60 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CG | EG | p Value (t test) | CG | EG | Mean dif | CG | EG | Mean dif | p Value (ANOVA) | |
| 6MWT without cane | ||||||||||
| Distance (m) | 396.34 (26.99) | 400.96 (59.07) | 0.793 | 401.65 (24.74) | 392.15 (49.45) | −9.5 | 406.09 (26.61) | 399.59 (43.13) | −6.5 | 0.96 |
| BORG initial pain | 3.22 (2.15) | 3.36 (2.12) | 0.823 | 2.89 (1.51) | 3.06 (2.22) | 0.17 | 3.22 (1.93) | 3.31 (1.89) | 0.09 | 0.986 |
| BORG final pain | 4.64 (2.10) | 4.38 (1.96) | 0.487 | 4.18 (1.74) | 4.68 (1.93) | 0.5 | 4.31 (2.14) | 4.16 (2.00) | −0.15 | 0.167 |
| HR initial | 87.19 (17.02) | 86.91 (17.11) | 0.989 | 85.16 (17.35) | 85.69 (17.56) | 0.53 | 85.44 (18.41) | 87.25 (17.39) | 1.81 | 0.284 |
| HR final | 108.31 (13.02) | 112.81 (14.50) | 0.196 | 107.96 (14.37) | 117.46 (17.01) | 9.5 | 107.84 (15.04) | 118.03 (16.86) | 10.19 | 0.057 |
| VO2 initial (l/min) | 394.38 (108.42) | 418.03 (106.29) | 0.382 | 422.38 (110.47) | 430.16 (95.64) | 7.78 | 410.25 (108.30) | 405.78 (96.03) | −4.47 | 0.362 |
| VO2 final (l/min) | 1066.28 (161.52) | 1072.88 (100.28) | 0.845 | 1066.34 (180.19) | 1066.50 (159.27) | 0.16 | 1042.72 (170.84) | 1083.66 (103.90) | 40.94 | 0.191 |
| VCO2 initial (l/min) | 306.75 (79.11) | 324.84 (93.42) | 0.406 | 332.81 (97.91) | 331.19 (91.00) | −1.62 | 322.28 (94.54) | 314.69 (93.19) | −7.59 | 0.259 |
| VCO2 final (l/min) | 850.75 (121.06) | 892.75 (141.77) | 0.207 | 851.66 (137.41) | 900.78 (141.45) | 49.12 | 831.31 (128.71) | 901.03 (141.19) | 69.72 | 0.553 |
| METS initial | 1.41 (0.39) | 1.54 (0.38) | 0.177 | 1.50 (0.46) | 1.59 (0.34) | 0.09 | 1.46 (0.44) | 1.48 (0.36) | 0.02 | 0.414 |
| METS final | 3.89 (0.67) | 4.00 (0.51) | 0.25 | 3.83 (0.65) | 4.04 (0.46) | 0.21 | 3.74 (0.72) | 4.04 (0.46) | 0.3 | 0.216 |
| 6MWT with cane | ||||||||||
| Distance (meters) | 324.47 (31.65) | 326.63 (35.52) | 0.798 | 326.78 (27.94) | 377.88 (37.30) | 51.1 | 320.94 (25.12) | 404.22 (51.85) | 83.28 | <0.001* |
| Borg initial pain | 3.22 (1.90) | 3.30 (1.31) | 0.897 | 3.25 (1.44) | 3.30 (1.29) | 0.05 | 3.19 (1.49) | 3.38 (1.66) | 0.19 | 0.937 |
| Borg final pain | 3.35 (1.52) | 3.68 (1.02) | 0.317 | 3.81 (1.61) | 3.53 (1.52) | −0.28 | 4.03 (1.51) | 2.96 (1.28) | −1.07 | 0.001* |
| HR initial | 91.41 (13.22) | 92.22 (15.63) | 0.851 | 91.66 (13.41) | 92.28 (16.29) | 0.62 | 90.88 (12.94) | 92.78 (17.50) | 1.9 | 0.507 |
| HR final | 118.69 (18.31) | 123.47 (10.22) | 0.551 | 119.28 (17.45) | 121.91 (13.98) | 2.63 | 117.75 (18.74) | 120.88 (13.48) | 3.13 | 0.296 |
| VO2 initial (l/min) | 404.00 (132.86) | 416.03 (117.45) | 0.672 | 392.28 (95.19) | 415.44 (114.39) | 23.16 | 393.94 (114.77) | 422.09 (124.31) | 28.15 | 0.755 |
| VO2 final (l/min) | 1494.91 (215.65) | 1443.81 (158.56) | 0.284 | 1503.19 (223.67) | 1271.13 (126.50) | −232.06 | 1498.31 (240.16) | 1118.25 (130.51) | −380.06 | <0.001* |
| VCO2 initial (l/min) | 314.13 (102.60) | 321.22 (104.69) | 0.717 | 304.88 (86.06) | 318.09 (90.21) | 13.21 | 318.94 (92.41) | 335.69 (140.93) | 16.75 | 0.891 |
| VCO2 final (l/min) | 1218.32 (230.26) | 1204.47 (192.38) | 0.795 | 1225.50 (209.60) | 1047.38 (115.59) | −178.12 | 1207.81 (247.20) | 945.03 (150.51) | −262.78 | <0.001* |
| METS initial | 1.46 (0.57) | 1.55 (0.50) | 0.502 | 1.43 (0.42) | 1.61 (0.51) | 0.18 | 1.42 (0.52) | 1.76 (1.39) | 0.34 | 0.45 |
| METS final | 4.95 (0.84) | 5.36 (1.07) | 0.092 | 4.96 (0.69) | 4.65 (0.71) | −0.31 | 4.90 (0.82) | 4.12 (0.50) | −0.78 | <0.001* |
↵* Statistically significant p value (<0.05).
ANOVA, analysis of variance; CG, control group; EG, experimental group; HR, heart rate; Mean dif, mean difference; METS, metabolic equivalent; 6WMT, 6-minute walk test; T0, baseline; T30, evaluation after 30 days; T60, evaluation after 60 days; VCO2, carbon dioxide production; VO2, oxygen consumption (energy expenditure).