T0 | T30 | T60 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CG | EG | CG | EG | Mean difference | CG | EG | Mean difference | p Value (ANOVA) | |
VAS for pain (range 0–10 cm) | 5.48 (1.23) | 5.63 (1.02) | 6.05 (1.35) | 5.28 (0.92) | −0.77 | 5.95 (1.40) | 3.84 (1.44) | −2.11 | <0.001* |
Lequesne (0–24) | 14.59 (3.6) | 15.7 (3.3) | 14.6 (3.37) | 14.28 (3.53) | −0.32 | 1s5.09 (3.60) | 12.56 (3.47) | −2.53 | <0.001* |
WOMAC (0–96) | 47.69 (14.7) | 54.1 (14.2) | 47.7 (15.36) | 49.56 (15.05) | 1.86 | 47.28 (14.71) | 46.22 (15.88) | −1.06 | 0.051 |
SF-36 (0–100) | |||||||||
Physical functioning | 28.9 (13.0) | 35.9 (17.5) | 33.9 (15.59) | 37.13 (14.78) | 3.23 | 35.94 (18.94) | 45.00 (15.08) | 9.06 | 0.078 |
Role physical | 22.7 (24.07) | 23.4 (31.7) | 24.34 (31.51) | 32.97 (29.64) | 8.63 | 26.06 (28.33) | 42.81 (30.21) | 16.75 | 0.001* |
Bodily pain | 46.1 (15.3) | 48.7 (15.1) | 47.7 (23.00) | 53.16 (17.59) | 5.46 | 46.03 (20.34) | 60.19 (19.38) | 14.16 | <0.001* |
General health | 57.3 (21.0) | 49.0 (21.7) | 51.7 (18.97) | 55.97 (19.99) | 4.27 | 56.81 (23.55) | 58.87 (24.13) | 2.06 | 0.056 |
Vitality | 38.8 (22.1) | 40.5 (25.2) | 41.6 (22.70) | 46.13 (20.94) | 4.53 | 38.59 (28.40) | 54.09 (26.28) | 15.5 | 0.658 |
Social functioning | 48.8 (20.0) | 51.7 (22.57) | 49.5 (20.80) | 54.89 (20.02) | 5.39 | 49.22 (19.56) | 57.16 (17.29) | 7.94 | 0.597 |
Role emotional | 24.1 (30.6) | 25.5 (31.9) | 19.3 (23.90) | 36.71 (31.62) | 17.41 | 24.90 (29.37) | 42.98 (29.63) | 18.08 | 0.893 |
Mental health | 44.6 (22.6) | 46.4 (24.7) | 46.1 (18.42) | 52.00 (21.82) | 5.9 | 51.10 (20.79) | 58.81 (19.62) | 7.71 | 0.568 |
Use of NSAID (pills/month), median | — | — | 25 | 19 | 25 | 16.5 | — | — | |
p Value (t test) | — | — | 0.010* | — | <0.001* | — | — | ||
Cane use (min/day) | — | — | — | 45 (9.80) | — | — | 74 (13.24) | — | — |
↵* Statistically significant p value (<0.05).
ANOVA, analysis of variance; BMI, body mass index; EG, experimental group; CG, control group; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; T0, baseline; T30, evaluation after 30 days; T60, evaluation after 60 days; VAS, visual analogue scale; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities questionnaire.