Secondary outcomes at 18 weeks
| Variable | Control (18 weeks) | Intervention (18 weeks) | Adjusted difference* (95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fatigue measures | ||||
| Severity, VAS (0–10) | 6.22 (2.63) | 4.82 (2.54) | −1.56 (−2.59 to −0.54) | 0.003 |
| Coping, VAS (0–10)† | 5.98 (2.54) | 7.19 (1.91) | 1.33 (0.37 to 2.30) | 0.007 |
| Pain, VAS (0–10) | 4.86 (2.81) | 4.06 (2.44) | −0.81 (−1.84 to 0.22) | 0.12 |
| Disease activity, VAS (0–10) | 3.99 (2.34) | 3.17 (2.25) | −0.62 (−1.48 to 0.24) | 0.16 |
| Disability, HAQ (0–10) | 1.75 (0.68) | 1.30 (0.61) | −0.19 (−0.36 to −0.02) | 0.031 |
| Impact disability, PIHAQ (0–9) | 3.71 (1.63) | 2.97 (1.53) | −0.22 (−0.72 to 0.29) | 0.4 |
| Quality of life, RAQoL (0–30) | 14.80 (9.97) | 11.15 (6.65) | −0.48 (−3.40 to 2.45) | 0.75 |
| Anxiety, HADS (0–21) | 7.59 (4.74) | 5.32 (4.61) | −0.78 (−2.03 to 0.47) | 0.22 |
| Depression, HADS (0–21) | 7.55 (4.51) | 4.88 (3.66) | −1.98 (−3.20 to −0.75) | 0.002 |
| Helplessness, AHI (5–30) | 18.27 (4.99) | 13.78 (4.23) | −3.13 (−4.73 to −1.53) | <0.001 |
| Self-efficacy, RASE (28–140)† | 104.16 (12.66) | 112.12 (21.33) | 6.74 (0.24 to 13.25) | 0.042 |
| Adjusted OR* (95% CI) | ||||
| Sleep quality: good, n (%) | 25 (56.82) | 31 (75.61) | 0.34 (0.12 to 0.95) | 0.04 |
Except where indicated otherwise, all values are expressed as mean (SD). Except where indicated otherwise, high scores reflect worse health.
↵* Adjusted for baseline score.
↵† High scores reflect stronger beliefs.
AHI, Arthritis Helplessness Index; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire; PIHAQ, Personal Impact HAQ; RAQoL, Rheumatoid Arthritis Quality of Life (instrument); RASE, Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-Efficacy scale; VAS, Visual Analogue Scale.