Risk factors of OI for patients receiving anti-TNF therapy (univariate analysis)
| Risk factors | OI cases(n=38) | Controls(n=114) | OR(95% CI) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (for a 10-year increase), mean±SD | 51.9±16.1 | 52.3±16.3 | 0.98 (0.74 to 1.29) | 0.883 |
| Duration of the underlying inflammatory disease(years), mean±SD | 12.5±7.9 | 14.5±11.9 | 0.98 (0.94 to 1.02) | 0.298 |
| First anti-TNF agent received | ||||
| Etanercept | 4 (10.5) | 49 (43.0) | 1 | |
| Adalimumab | 7 (18.4) | 17 (14.9) | 6.1 (1.5 to 25.5) | 0.013 |
| Infliximab | 27 (71.1) | 48 (42.1) | 10.9 (2.9 to 40.8) | 0.0004 |
| Last anti-TNF agent received | ||||
| Etanercept | 4 (10.5) | 58 (50.9) | 1 | |
| Adalimumab | 10 (26.3) | 20 (17.5) | 6.4 (2.4 to 37.2) | 0.001 |
| Infliximab | 24 (63.2) | 36 (31.6) | 13.8 (3.8 to 49.5) | <0.0001 |
| Months from onset of first anti-TNF treatment* mean (SD) | 19.4 (15.3) | 29.4 (22.0) | 0.97 (0.95 to 0.99) | 0.014 |
| Months from onset of last anti-TNF treatment* mean (SD) | 14.3 (13.6) | 25.5 (20.5) | 0.96 (0.94 to 0.99) | 0.004 |
| DMARDs during the previous year | ||||
| None or non-immunosuppressive | 5 (13.2) | 38 (33.3) | 1 | |
| Immunosuppressive† | 33 (86.8) | 76 (66.7) | 3.8 (1.2 to 11.6) | 0.018 |
| Lymphopenia (<1400/mm3) | ||||
| No | 28 (73.7) | 104 (91.2) | 1 | |
| Yes | 10 (26.3) | 10 (8.8) | 3.6 (1.4 to 9.7) | 0.010 |
| Neutropenia (<1700/mm3) | ||||
| No | 36 (94.7) | 110 (96.5) | 1 | |
| Yes | 2 (5.3) | 4 (3.5) | 1.6 (0.3 to 10.0) | 0.620 |
| Haemopathy | ||||
| No | 31 (93.9) | 112 (99.1) | 1 | |
| Yes | 2 (6.1) | 1 (0.9) | 6.0 (0.5 to 66.1) | 0.144 |
| Non-insulin-dependent diabetes | ||||
| No | 29 (87.9) | 110 (97.3) | 1 | |
| Yes | 4 (12.1) | 3 (2.7) | 6.0 (1.1 to 32.7) | 0.039 |
| Steroids during the previous year | ||||
| No | 9 (23.7) | 42 (36.8) | 1 | |
| Yes | 29 (76.3) | 72 (63.2) | 2.3 (0.9 to 6.3) | 0.097 |
| Oral steroids > 10 mg/day‡ during the previous year | ||||
| No | 22 (57.9) | 92 (80.7) | 1 | |
| Yes | 16 (42.1) | 22 (19.3) | 4.31 (1.60 to 11.62) | 0.0038 |
| Oral steroids > 10 mg/day‡ or boluses during the previous year | ||||
| No | 20 (52.6) | 92 (80.7) | 1 | |
| Yes | 18 (47.4) | 22 (19.3) | 5.23 (1.99 to 13.77) | 0.0008 |
Data are number (%) unless stated otherwise.
↵* ‘Time from’ onset of last anti-TNF treatment and first symptoms of OI' for cases, ‘time from onset of last anti-TNF treatment and inclusion’ for controls.
↵† Immunosuppressive disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs except anti-TNF treatment: at least one among mycophenolate mofetil, chlorambucil, ciclosporin, cyclophosphamide, mercaptopurine, methotrexate, leflunomide, azathioprine, abatacept, anakinra, certolizumab, CTLA4 Ig, rituximab.
↵‡ In equivalent prednisone (all patients but three received prednisone, others received prednisolone).
DMARD, disease-modifying antirheumatic drug; OI, opportunistic infection; TNF, tumour necrosis factor.