Baseline demographics
| Total | Durolane | Saline | Steroid | Standard care | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69 ± 8 | 69 ± 9 | 70 ± 10 | 67 ± 7 | 68 ± 7 | 0.59 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 34 | 7 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 0.475 |
| Female | 43 | 12 | 12 | 8 | 11 | |
| Primary care | 35 | 8 | 7 | 11 | 9 | 0.550 |
| BMI (kg/m−2) | 29.0 ± 5.7 | 29.0 ± 5.7 | 29.6 ± 6.5 | 27.4 ± 3.4 | 28.2 ± 4.8 | 0.61 |
| Bone to capsule distance (BCD/mm) | 8.7 ± 2.2 | 8.7 ± 2.2 | 9.6 ± 2.6 | 7.8 ± 1.7 | 8.7 ± 1.9 | 0.093 |
| Synovitis (BCD >7 mm) | 61 | 15 | 16 | 13 | 17 | 0.564 |
| Pain duration (months) | 36 ± 32 | 46 ± 43 | 42 ± 33 | 34 ± 26 | 23 ± 16 | 0.197 |
| Disability duration (months) | 22 ± 24 | 26 ± 38 | 27 ± 23 | 19 ± 14 | 17 ± 16 | 0.820 |
| ROM | ||||||
| Flexion | 82 ± 18 | 79 ± 12 | 76 ± 21 | 90 ± 17 | 82 ± 17 | 0.092 |
| Internal rot | 15 ± 7 | 12.4 ± 6 | 17 ± 7 | 16 ± 7 | 15 ± 8 | 0.217 |
| External rot | 23 ± 12 | 22 ± 8 | 28 ± 19 | 23 ± 9 | 21 ± 9 | 0.372 |
| No on medications | 74 | 19 | 18 | 18 | 19 | |
| NZPS (0–100) | 47 ± 15 | 52 ± 12 | 47 ± 16 | 43 ± 16 | 46 ± 16 | 0.369 |
| Radiographic grading (Croft) | ||||||
| 1 or 2 | 14 | 4 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 0.541 |
| 3 or 4 | 63 | 15 | 16 | 16 | 16 | |
Represented as mean±SD.
BCD, bone to capsule distance; BMI, body mass index; NZPS, New Zeland Pain Society; ROM, range of movement.