Prevalence of medical comorbidities among patients with ankylosing spondylitis compared with controls (n=70 206)
| Variable | Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (n=11 701) | Patients without ankylosing spondylitis (n=58 505) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cardiovascular | |||
| Hypertension | 1920 (16.4) | 6224 (10.6) | <0.001 |
| Ischaemic heart disease | 102 (0.9) | 190 (0.3) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 1009 (8.6) | 3641 (6.2) | <0.001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 132 (1.1) | 470 (0.8) | <0.001 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 279 (2.4) | 784 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Peripheral vascular disorder | 88 (0.8) | 322 (0.6) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 226 (1.9) | 1123 (1.9) | 0.931 |
| Neurological | |||
| Paralysis | 57 (0.5) | 240 (0.4) | 0.242 |
| Other neurological disorders | 116 (1.0) | 565 (1.0) | 0.796 |
| Headache | 1191 (10.2) | 5404 (9.2) | <0.001 |
| Migraine | 150 (1.3) | 418 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| Pulmonary | |||
| COPD | 68 (0.6) | 107 (0.2) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 362 (3.1) | 1841 (3.2) | 0.764 |
| Restrictive/interstitial lung disease | 25 (0.2) | 116 (0.2) | 0.734 |
| Endocrine | |||
| Diabetes without complications | 557 (4.8) | 2550 (4.4) | 0.054 |
| Diabetes with complications | 165 (1.4) | 894 (1.5) | 0.339 |
| Hypothyroidism | 301 (2.6) | 744 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Obesity | 18 (0.2) | 105 (0.2) | 0.545 |
| Weight loss | 6 (0.1) | 38 (0.1) | 0.590 |
| Renal | |||
| Renal failure | 77 (0.7) | 348 (0.6) | 0.421 |
| Fluid and electrolyte disorders | 63 (0.54) | 374 (0.6) | 0.206 |
| Gastrointestinal | |||
| Liver disease | 1173 (10.0) | 3223 (5.5) | <0.001 |
| Peptic ulcer | 1623 (13.9) | 2581 (4.4) | <0.001 |
| Viral/infectious | |||
| Hepatitis | 454 (3.9) | 1147 (2.0) | <0.001 |
| HIV | 8 (0.1) | 36 (0.1) | 0.787 |
| Tuberculosis | 49 (0.4) | 144 (0.3) | 0.001 |
| Haematology | |||
| Deficiency anaemias | 275 (2.4) | 517 (0.9) | <0.001 |
| Drug abuse/dependence | |||
| Alcohol | 37 (0.3) | 138 (0.2) | 0.112 |
| Drug | 128 (1.1) | 585 (1.0) | 0.311 |
| Mental illness | |||
| Depression | 301 (2.6) | 776 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Psychoses | 249 (2.1) | 763 (1.3) | <0.001 |
| Oncology | |||
| Metastatic cancer | 5 (0.0) | 35 (0.1) | 0.479 |
| Solid tumour without metastasis | 146 (1.3) | 729 (1.3) | 0.988 |
Data shown as n (%).
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.