Rates of events per visit for ALT and/or AST elevations >1× upper limit of normal
| DMARDs other than MTX or LEF | MTX alone | LEF alone | MTX+LEF | Total | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All oral DMARDs | 4.3% | 4.7% | 4.2% | 10.4% | 4.9% |
| 59/1360 | 440/9430 | 37/888 | 72/694 | 608/12372 | |
| +ADA | 4.8% | 7.1% | 6.4% | 7.1% | 6.4% |
| 26/541 | 91/1290 | 9/141 | 3/42 | 129/2014 | |
| +ETN | 4.9% | 4.6% | 3.2% | 12.7% | 4.8% |
| 68/1388 | 104/2258 | 7/220 | 9/71 | 188/3937 | |
| +INF | 8.5% | 6.2% | 8.0% | 5.6% | 6.7% |
| 59/692 | 192/3084 | 29/364 | 5/89 | 285/4229 | |
| Total | 5.3% | 5.1% | 5.1% | 9.9% | 5.4% |
| 212/3981 | 827/16062 | 82/1613 | 89/896 | 1210/22552 | |
| p Value* | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.0217 | 0.5173 | <0.001 |
↵* The p values compare the tumour necrosis factor inhibitor and all oral DMARDs within each background group.
ADA, adalimumab; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; DMARDs, disease-modifying antirheumatic agents; ETN, etanercept; INF, infliximab; LEF, leflunomide; MTX, methotrexate.