Summarised biomarker performance characteristics
| Correlation with disease activity | Prediction | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-section* | Change* | Response to therapy** | Clinical response† | Radiographic progression‡ | |
| Synovial tissue biomarkers | |||||
| CD3 | +++ | + | +++ | − | ++ |
| CD4 | + | + | − | − | − |
| CD8 | +++ | − | − | − | ++ |
| CD68 | − | ||||
| Total tissue | − | − | − | − | − |
| Sublining layer | − | − | − | − | + |
| Factor VIII | ++ | + | + | − | + |
| VEGF | + | − | − | − | +++ |
| TGFβ | − | ++ | +++ | − | ++ |
| E-selectin | − | + | − | − | − |
| IL-1α | + | + | ++ | − | − |
| IL-1β | − | − | − | − | − |
| TNFα | + | + | − | − | − |
| MMP-1 | + | + | + | − | − |
| MMP-3 | − | − | − | + | − |
| TIMP-1 | − | + | − | − | − |
| Serum biomarkers | |||||
| IL-1β | ++ | − | − | − | − |
| sIL-1 RII | + | − | + | − | − |
| IL-6 | +++ | + | +++ | − | +++ |
| sIL-6 R | − | − | + | − | |
| IL-8 | − | + | − | − | + |
| IL-18 | − | + | − | − | ++ |
| TNFα | − | ++ | +++ | − | − |
| sTNF RII | − | − | − | − | + |
| MMP-1 | +++ | ++ | +++ | + | ++ |
| MMP-3 | +++ | ++ | ++ | − | − |
| TIMP-1 | +++ | ++ | ++ | ++ | + |
| MMP-3:TIMP ratio | +++ | − | ++ | − | − |
| COMP | − | − | + | − | − |
| Apolipoprotein A1 | + | + | − | − | − |
| Inhibitory assay | |||||
| 5% serum | + | + | − | − | − |
| 10% serum | + | − | + | − | + |
Scores were assigned according to:
↵* Number of time points with significant correlation;
↵** Number of time points at which significant change was observed and ability of change to discriminate clinical responders from non-responders;
↵† Consistency of early change in measure's ability to predict final American College of Rheumatology 20, 50 and 70 response;
↵‡ Number of subsequent time points at which baseline level correlated with radiographic change and predictive value in receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.
COMP, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; sIL-1 RII, serum IL-1 receptor II; sIL-6 R, serum IL-6 receptor; sTNF RII, soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor II; TGFβ, transforming growth factor beta; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1; TNFα, tumour necrosis factor alpha; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.