Comparison of RA with DM2 and controls of the Hoorn study
| Groups | Hoorn study | CARRÉ study | |
| Non-diabetic controls | DM2 | RA | |
| Number | 258 | 194 | 294 |
| Demographic variables | |||
| Age (years) | 63 (7) | 66 (7)* | 63 (7) |
| Female (%) | 49 | 45 | 65* |
| Cardiovascular disease, N (%) | 13 (5.0%) | 24 (12.4%)* | 38 (12.9%)* |
| Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 10 (3.9%) | 11 (5.7%) | 23 (7.8)%* |
| Cerebral arterial disease, n (%) | 2 (0.8%) | 7 (3.6%)* | 13 (4.4%)* |
| Peripheral arterial disease, n (%) | 2 (0.8%) | 10 (5.2%)* | 4 (1.4%) |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 133 (18) | 144 (19)* | 141 (20)* |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 81 (10) | 83 (10)* | 81 (9) |
| Antihypertensive drugs (%) | 17 | 41* | 24 |
| Hypertension (%) | 38 | 76* | 57* |
| Creatinine (μmol/l) | 92 (15) | 92 (26) | 88 (16)* |
| Cockroft-Gault (ml/min) | 71 (16) | 76 (18) * | 74 (19) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 90 (10) | 99 (11)* | 92 (13) |
| Hip circumference (cm) | 101 (7) | 104 (8)* | 104 (10)* |
| Waist:hip ratio | 0.89 (0.08) | 0.95 (0.08)* | 0.88 (0.08) |
| Weight (kg) | 74 (11) | 80 (12)* | 75 (14) |
| Height (cm) | 169 (9) | 167 (9) | 168 (9) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26 (3) | 29 (4)* | 26 (5) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 6.6 (1.2) | 6.5 (1.3) | 5.8 (1.1)* |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 1.4 (0.4) | 1.1 (0.3)* | 1.5 (0.5)* |
| LDL cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.6 (1.0) | 4.3 (1.1)* | 3.7 (1.0)* |
| Triglycerides (mmol/l) | 1.5 (1.0–1.8) | 2.0 (1.4–2.8)* | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) |
| Statins (%) | 1 | 2 | 11* |
| Smoking | |||
| Never (%) | 35 | 39 | 21* |
| Former smoker (%) | 35 | 36 | 47* |
| Current smoker (%) | 30 | 25 | 32* |
| CRP (mg/l) | 1 (1–3) | 2 (1–4)* | 6 (3–18)* |
| RA variables | |||
| Age at onset RA (years) | 55 (8) | ||
| RA duration (years) | 7 (4–10) | ||
| IgM-RF ⩾30 IU/ml (%) | 70 | ||
| Anti-CCP ⩾50 AU/ml (%) | 54 | ||
| Erosions on radiographs (%) | 83 | ||
| DAS-28 | 3.8 (1.4) | ||
| HAQ | 0.8 (0–3) | ||
| Current methotrexate users (%) | 60 | ||
| Current sulfasalazine users (%) | 15 | ||
| Current hydroxychloroquine users (%) | 7 | ||
| Current prednisone users (%) | 15 | ||
| Current biological users (%) | 10 | ||
Data presented as mean (SD), n (%) or median (interquartile range).
BMI, body mass index; CCP, cyclic citrullinated peptide; CRP, C-reactive protein; CVD, cardiovascular disease; DAS-28, 28 joint disease activity index score; DM2, diabetes mellitus type 2; HAQ, health assessment questionnaire; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; RF, rheumatoid factor.
*Variables significantly different from non-diabetic controls.