Variable | CWP | Prevalence (%) | Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |
OR 95% CI* | OR 95% CI† | ||||
Yes | No | ||||
Centre | |||||
Manchester, England | 30 | 552 | 5.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Florence, Italy | 21 | 438 | 4.6 | 0.9 (0.9 to 0.8) | 0.9 (0.8 to 0.9) |
Leuven, Belgium | 30 | 407 | 6.9 | 1.4 (1.3 to 1.6) | 1.2 (1.1 to 1.3) |
Malmo, Sweden | 35 | 466 | 7.0 | 1.5 (1.4 to 1.6) | 1.7 (1.6 to 1.8) |
Santiago, Spain | 46 | 484 | 8.9 | 1.7 (1.6 to 1.7) | 1.5 (1.4 to 1.6) |
Lodz, Poland | 35 | 355 | 9.0 | 2.0 (1.8 to 2.2) | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.2) |
Szeged, Hungary | 42 | 361 | 10.4 | 2.3 (2.0 to 2.6) | 1.6 (1.4 to 1.8) |
Tartu, Estonia | 74 | 411 | 15.3 | 3.7 (3.3 to 4.1) | 2.6 (2.2 to 2.9) |
Age (years) | |||||
40–49 | 65 | 816 | 7.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
50–59 | 94 | 889 | 9.6 | 1.3 (0.96 to 1.9) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.8) |
60–69 | 78 | 838 | 8.5 | 1.2 (0.8 to 1.7) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) |
70–79 | 76 | 901 | 7.8 | 1.0 (0.7 to 1.5) | 0.7 (0.5 to 0.96) |
Beck Depression Inventory (band) | |||||
1 (normal) | 166 | 2292 | 6.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
2 (mild) | 45 | 392 | 10.3 | 1.6 (1.2 to 2.3) | 1.3 (0.9 to 1.9) |
3 (borderline) | 26 | 97 | 21.1 | 3.9 (2.4 to 6.2) | 2.1 (1.1 to 4.3) |
4 (moderate) | 27 | 81 | 25.0 | 4.4 (2.7 to 7.1) | 2.5 (1.5 to 4.3) |
5+6 (severe + extreme) | 8 | 15 | 34.8 | 6.6 (2.6 to 16.7) | 3.1 (1.6 to 6.1) |
No of life events in past 12 months | |||||
0 | 91 | 1343 | 6.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
1 | 67 | 870 | 7.2 | 1.1 (0.8 to 1.6) | 1.0 (0.8 to 1.3) |
2 | 60 | 430 | 12.2 | 2.1 (1.5 to 3.0) | 1.7 (1.1 to 2.6) |
3 | 30 | 162 | 15.6 | 2.8 (1.8 to 4.4) | 2.1 (1.5 to 2.8) |
4 | 14 | 65 | 17.7 | 3.2 (1.7 to 5.9) | 2.1 (1.1 to 3.8) |
5 | 8 | 33 | 19.5 | 3.9 (1.7 to 8.8) | 2.1 (1.6 to 2.8) |
⩾6 | 7 | 10 | 41.2 | 9.0 (3.2 to 25.5) | 6.3 (2.5 to 15.7) |
Reported morbidities | |||||
None | 118 | 1725 | 6.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
1 | 78 | 929 | 7.8 | 1.3 (0.96 to 1.8) | 0.98 (0.6 to 1.6) |
2 | 59 | 457 | 11.4 | 2.2 (1.6 to 3.2) | 1.9 (1.4 to 2.7) |
3 | 31 | 180 | 14.7 | 3.0 (1.9 to 4.8) | 2.7 (1.8 to 4.1) |
4 | 14 | 58 | 19.4 | 4.5 (2.3 to 8.6) | 2.9 (1.7 to 4.8) |
5 or more | 10 | 30 | 25.0 | 6.0 (2.7 to 13.3) | 3.9 (1.9 to 8.0) |
*Adjusted (when relevant) only for age group.
†Adjusted in the multivariate model for all other variables in the multivariate model.
CWP, chronic widespread pain; OR, odds ratio.