Table 4 Demographic and disease factors associated with BMD loss in the hands, hip and spine after 1 year, derived by univariate regression analyses

Variable	BMD loss in hands		BMD loss in hip		BMD loss in spine
Variable	β coefficient	p Value	β coefficient	p Value	β coefficient	p Value
Age, years	−0.068	0.002	−0.032	0.19	0.012	0.56
Female gender	0.26	0.71	0.55	0.46	−0.37	0.55
Postmenopausal status	−3.26	0.000	−0.67	0.43	−0.30	0.68
Smoking status	−1.43	0.027	0.801	0.26	0.29	0.62
BMI, kg/m² at baseline	0.003	0.97	0.14	0.13	−0.028	0.71
Duration complaints before inclusion, weeks	0.002	0.70	0.006	0.19	0.005	0.19
ACPA positive	−0.376	0.55	0.053	0.94	0.721	0.22
RF positive	−1.24	0.055	−0.050	0.94	0.53	0.37
DAS at baseline	−0.068	0.85	−0.18	0.67	0.062	0.85
ΔDAS 0–1 year	−0.26	0.33	−0.23	0.45	0.16	0.52
CRP at baseline	−0.028	0.000	0.004	0.636	−0.008	0.290
ΔCRP 0–1 year	0.032	0.002	−0.004	0.679	0.008	0.388
HAQ at baseline	−1.12	0.036	−0.079	0.13	0.60	0.16
ΔHAQ 0–1 year	−0.42	0.36	−0.44	0.37	0.062	0.88
Erosions at baseline	−0.046	0.56	−0.20	0.015	0.035	0.62
JSN at baseline	−0.057	0.57	−0.035	0.70	−0.037	0.66
ΔErosions 0–1 year	−0.16	0.012	−0.20	0.003	−0.044	0.44
ΔJSN 0–1 year	−0.046	0.37	−0.055	0.34	−0.024	0.62
BP use 0–1 year	0.14	0.89	2.58	0.008	4.02	0.000
Calcium supplement 0–1 year	−0.060	0.93	1.59	0.037	1.56	0.015
Vitamin D supplement 0–1 year	0.32	0.73	1.91	0.052	1.62	0.048
HRT use 0–1 year	0.56	0.53	−1.02	0.31	−0.19	0.82

ACPA, anti-citrullinated protein antibody; BMI, body mass index; RF, rheumatoid factor; DAS, disease activity score; CRP, C-reactive protein; HAQ, health assessment questionnaire; JSN, joint space narrowing; BP, bisphosphonates; HRT, hormone replacement therapy.