| Treatment | ORs (95% CIs) | ||
| High-dose* versus placebo groups | Low-dose† versus placebo groups | High-dose* versus low-dose† groups | |
| Rituximab | 1.68 (0.64 to 4.35) | 0.24 (0.01 to 4.33) | 7.20 (0.43 to 120.66) |
| Abatacept | 1.35 (0.78 to 2.33) | 0.84 (0.13 to 5.30) | 2.16 (0.52 to 8.98) |
| 1.24 (0.70 to 2.29)‡ | 2.0 (0.48 to 8.33)‡ | ||
| Anakinra | 3.40 (1.11 to 10.46) | 0.51 (0.03 to 8.27) | 9.63 (1.31 to 70.91) |
| 1.67 (0.51 to 5.41)§ | 6.41 (0.81 to 50.30)§ | ||
*High-dose groups were defined as 1000 mg for rituximab, 10 mg/kg for abatacept and ⩾100 mg for anakinra.
†Low-dose groups were defined as 500 mg for rituximab, ⩽2 mg/kg for abatacept and <100 mg for anakinra.
‡Calculated ORs when patients receiving biological DMARD as concomitant treatment were excluded.
§Calculated ORs when patients with comorbidity factors were excluded.