Characteristics of fracture cases and controls
| Characteristics | Fracture cases, n (%)(N = 231 436) | Controls, n (%)(N = 231 362) | p Value |
| Age (years) | |||
| ⩽30 | 51573 (22.3%) | 52140 (22.5%) | NS |
| 31–45 | 47948 (20.7%) | 47885 (20.7%) | NS |
| 45–60 | 40965 (17.7%) | 40906 (17.6%) | NS |
| ⩾61 | 91292 (39.4%) | 90847 (39.2%) | NS |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 110163 (47.5%) | 110163 (47.5%) | NS |
| Female | 121615 (52.5%) | 121615 (52.5%) | NS |
| Drug use in 6 months before index date | |||
| Sulfasalazine | 564 (0.2%) | 447 (0.2%) | <0.0005 |
| NSAIDs | 32209 (13.9%) | 21013 (9.1%) | <0.0001 |
| Oral glucocorticoids | 9549 (4.1%) | 5264 (2.3%) | <0.0001 |
| Hypnotics/anxiolytics | 22328 (9.6%) | 14466 (6.2%) | <0.0001 |
| Medical history | |||
| IBD | 1134 (0.5%) | 896 (0.4%) | <0.0005 |
| Psoriasis | 6373 (2.7%) | 4636 (2.0%) | <0.0001 |
| Recent back pain (previous 6 months) | 19035 (8.2%) | 10362 (4.5%) | <0.0001 |
| Joint replacement therapy | 4277 (1.8%) | 2946 (1.3%) | <0.0001 |
IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; NS, not significant; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory disease.