Variables | RR (95% CI) | |||||
Shoulder | Forearm | Low back | Knee | CWP | ||
Adult social class | I | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
II | 1.03 (0.83 to 1.29) | 1.29 (0.80 to 2.10) | 1.03 (0.83 to 1.28) | 1.16 (0.87 to 1.53) | 1.18 (0.80 to 1.75) | |
III non-manual | 1.10 (0.87 to 1.38) | 1.26 (0.76 to 2.08) | 0.94 (0.75 to 1.18) | 1.10 (0.82 to 1.47) | 1.47 (1.01 to 2.19) | |
III manual | 1.20 (0.95 to 1.51) | 1.76 (1.07 to 2.89) | 1.36 (1.08 to 1.70) | 1.48 (1.11 to 1.99) | 1.83 (1.23 to 2.74) | |
IV | 1.19 (0.93 to 1.52) | 1.88 (1.13 to 3.13) | 1.14 (0.90 to 1.44) | 1.36 (1.01 to 1.86) | 1.80 (1.19 to 2.71) | |
V | 1.22 (0.90 to 1.65) | 1.38 (0.74 to 2.59) | 1.31 (0.98 to 1.75) | 1.50 (1.04 to 2.16) | 1.88 (1.17 to 3.04) | |
Childhood social class | I | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
II | 1.13 (0.89 to 1.44) | 2.03 (1.10 to 3.76) | 1.00 (0.79 to 1.26) | 1.20 (0.88 to 1.63) | 1.11 (0.76 to 1.64) | |
III non-manual | 1.16 (0.90 to 1.49) | 2.14 (1.14 to 4.01) | 1.00 (0.78 to 1.28) | 1.20 (0.87 to 1.66) | 1.07 (0.71 to 1.62) | |
III manual | 1.14 (0.91 to 1.42) | 2.48 (1.39 to 4.43) | 1.05 (0.85 to 1.30) | 1.31 (0.99 to 1.74) | 1.17 (0.82 to 1.67) | |
IV | 1.22 (0.96 to 1.56) | 2.45 (1.33 to 4.52) | 1.14 (0.90 to 1.43) | 1.37 (1.01 to 1.86) | 1.37 (0.94 to 2.01) | |
V | 1.00 (0.77 to 1.31) | 2.29 (1.21 to 4.34) | 1.22 (0.96 to 1.57) | 1.28 (0.92 to 1.78) | 1.27 (0.85 to 1.91) | |
Recent life events | None | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
1–2 | 1.11 (1.01 to 1.23) | 1.54 (1.28 to 1.86) | 1.09 (1.00 to 1.20) | 1.09 (0.97 to 1.22) | 1.18 (1.01 to 1.36) | |
3–5 | 1.20 (1.04 to 1.38) | 1.61 (1.25 to 2.07) | 1.04 (0.90 to 1.20) | 1.16 (0.98 to 1.37) | 1.18 (0.96 to 1.44) | |
>5 | 1.55 (1.14 to 2.11) | 1.79 (0.99 to 3.23) | 1.15 (0.81 to 1.62) | 1.48 (1.02 to 2.14) | 1.11 (0.67 to 1.84) | |
GHQ score (tertiles) | Low | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Medium | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.28) | 0.80 (0.65 to 0.98) | 1.14 (1.02 to 1.27) | 1.06 (0.93 to 1.21) | 1.12 (0.94 to 1.34) | |
High | 1.35 (1.20 to 1.53) | 1.00 (0.81 to 1.24) | 1.34 (1.19 to 1.50) | 1.22 (1.06 to 1.41) | 1.44 (1.20 to 1.72) | |
Mental health (rCIS score) | None | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
1–3 | 1.07 (0.95 to 1.21) | 1.37 (1.08 to 1.73) | 1.24 (1.11 to 1.39) | 1.27 (1.10 to 1.47) | 1.23 (1.00 to 1.51) | |
>3 | 1.74 (1.55 to 1.96) | 2.36 (1.89 to 2.95) | 1.57 (1.40 to 1.76) | 1.87 (1.63 to 2.15) | 2.74 (2.28 to 3.29) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
<24 | 0.99 (0.87 to 1.12) | 1.27 (0.99 to 1.62) | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.12) | 1.14 (0.97 to 1.35) | 0.96 (0.78 to 1.18) | |
24–26.6 | 1.05 (0.92 to 1.19) | 1.26 (0.98 to 1.61) | 1.17 (1.03 to 1.32) | 1.45 (1.24 to 1.70) | 1.23 (1.01 to 1.50) | |
>26.6 | 1.12 (0.99 to 1.26) | 1.41 (1.11 to 1.79) | 1.18 (1.04 to 1.33) | 1.72 (1.47 to 2.00) | 1.40 (1.16 to 1.69) | |
Regular exercise (per week) | None | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
<1 | 1.04 (0.88 to 1.23) | 0.85 (0.62 to 1.18) | 1.00 (0.85 to 1.18) | 1.00 (0.82 to 1.23) | 1.02 (0.79 to 1.32) | |
1–3 | 0.96 (0.86 to 1.04) | 0.88 (0.72 to 1.09) | 0.99 (0.88 to 1.10) | 1.03 (0.90 to 1.18) | 0.93 (0.78 to 1.10) | |
>3 | 0.98 (0.86 to 1.11) | 0.89 (0.71 to 1.12) | 1.02 (0.90 to 1.15) | 1.10 (0.95 to 1.28) | 1.09 (0.91 to 1.30) |
BMI, Body Mass Index; CWP, chronic widespread pain; GHQ, General Health Questionnaire; rCIS, revised Clinical Interview Schedule.