Table 2 Univariable Cox regression analyses of clinical variables and time-to-seizure occurrence in patients in the LUMINA cohort
VariableHR (95% CI)p Value
Disease duration0.18 (0.11 to 0.29)<0.0001
SLAM-R score
    TD*1.11 (1.07 to 1.15)<0.0001
    T0†1.11 (1.07 to 1.16)<0.0001
    TL‡1.15 (1.11 to 1.20)<0.0001
    Average1.24 (1.19 to 1.29)<0.0001
    Average weighted1.16 (1.11 to 1.22)<0.0001
SDI score
    T01.47 (1.23 to 1.76)<0.0001
    TL1.05 (0.91 to 1.21)0.4820
Disease manifestations
    Integument0.20 (0.11 to 0.38)<0.0001
    Musculoskeletal0.09 (0.04 to 0.21)<0.0001
    Cardiovascular
        Hypertension1.44 (0.77 to 2.70)0.2521
        Venous thrombosis1.76 (0.74 to 4.20)0.1763
        Arterial1.13 (0.44 to 2.89)0.7974
        thrombosis
    Neurological
        Stroke2.02 (0.79 to 5.15)0.1423
        Psychosis3.85 (1.20 to 6.80)0.0181
    Haematological0.74 (0.29 to 1.88)0.5200
    Renal involvement2.06 (1.02 to 4.14)0.0426
        WHO Class IV4.18 (2.16 to 8.09)<0.0001
        glomerulonephritis
        Renal damage2.22 (1.12 to 4.38)0.0214
Auto-antibodies
    Anti-DNA1.59 (0.83 to 3.04)0.1647
    Antiphospholipid§2.87 (1.26 to 6.52)0.0120
Medications
    Hydroxychloroquine0.18 (0.01 to 0.34)<0.0001
    Glucocorticoid
        Average dose1.03 (1.01 to 1.05)<0.0001
        Weighted average1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)0.3603
        dose
    Cyclophosphamide2.54 (1.36 to 4.74)0.0034

  • LUMINA, LUpus in MInorities: NAture versus Nurture; SLAM-R, Systemic Lupus Activity Measure-Revised; SDI, SLICC (Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics) Damage Index.

  • *Diagnosis time. †Baseline. ‡Last visit. §IgM, IgG and/or the lupus anticoagulant.