Table 3 Adjusted hazard ratio (HR) estimates for haematological cancer occurrence in systemic lupus erythaematosus (SLE) after immunosuppressive exposure, lag-time 5 years*

Exposure†	HR	95% CI
Immunosuppressive exposure	2.29	1.02–5.15
Anti-malarial agents	1.88	0.86–4.11
Systemic glucocorticoids	1.63	0.72–3.66
NSAIDs	0.71	0.27–1.86
Aspirin	0.88	0.33–2.36
Tobacco use‡	0.79	0.54–1.15
Age ⩾65	2.71	0.96–7.61
Female sex	1.99	0.56–7.10
White	1.04	0.50–2.14
Damage§	2.10	1.01–4.40
Residence in North America	1.08	0.43–2.71
Sjögren syndrome¶	1.08	0.35–3.37
Cohort entry before 1990	2.38	1.07–5.32

*Our sample included 538 cancer-free controls.
†All medication exposures are ever/never and time-dependent, and include both oral and parenteral exposures. Anti-malarial agents includes hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine.
‡Tobacco use considered as a categorical variable (ever/never smoker/missing).
§We controlled for organ damage as assessed by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology damage index (SLICC/ACR DI), not including the item related to cancer.
¶A categorical variable indicated physician-confirmed Sjögren syndrome (ie, based on sicca symptoms, serology, and confirmatory tests, as per diagnostic criteria).28
NSAIDs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.