| Intervention | Effect size (95% confidence interval) | NNH | |
| Pain | Function | ||
| Pharmacological | |||
| Amitriptyline | 1.033 (−0.393, 2.458)20 – 23 | 0.51 (−12.847, 13.868)22 24 | 45.56 (−36.06, 127.17) |
| Dual re-uptake | 0.341 (−0.644, 1.323)25 26 | 0.438 (−2.77, 3.647)25 27 | 9.91 (6.87, 12.96) |
| MAOI | 0.822 (−0.024, 1.669)22 23 | Cannot calculate | 24.29 (2.93, 37.14) |
| SSRI | 0.824 (−0.417, 2.064)22 28 29 | 0.536 (−7.323, 8.395)22 28 29 | 8.25 (5.8, 10.7) |
| Tramadol | 0.657 (−0.276, 1.589)30 31 | 0.189 (−6.312, 6.689)30 31 | 35 (only one study) |
| Tropisetron | 0.799 (−0.884, 2.482)32 | Cannot calculate | 27.47 (only one study) |
| Pramipexole | 0.736 (−0.556, 2.028)33 | 0.606 (−7.073, 8.285)33 | −21 (only one study) |
| Non-pharmacological | |||
| Pool-based exercise | 0.437 (−0.659, 1.532)34 35 | 0.495 (−1.68, 2.67)34 | −8 (one study) |
| Balneotherapy | 1.408 (0.684, 2.133)36 – 38 | 2.085 (−5.334, 9.979)36 38 | Cannot calculate |
| Aerobic exercise | 0.377 (−0.794, 1.549)39 – 43 | 0.062 (−5.174, 5.297)39 – 42 | −13.5 (one study) |
| Strength training | 2.225 (1.159, 3.292)44 45 | 1.031 (−29.197, 31.259)44 46 | 16.15 (one study) |
MAOI, monoamine oxidase inhibitor; NNH, number needed to harm; SSRI, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor.