| Epidemiology |
| Relative importance of environmental factors (exposure to sun, smoking, diet) in the pathogenesis of SLE |
| Incidence, prevalence, and severity of SLE in various European populations? Is there a north-to-south gradient? |
| Pathogenesis |
| Genetic factors for disease susceptibility and severity |
| Effector mechanisms and repair of tissue injury |
| Early diagnosis—primary prevention |
| Identification of patients at higher risk for SLE |
| Feasibility of primary prevention |
| Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in high-risk patients (eg, aspirin, statins, others) |
| Initial diagnostic work-up and monitoring |
| Minimum diagnostic work-up for suspected SLE |
| Work-up for disease limited to a single organ (eg, skin, blood, others) |
| Diagnosis—prognosis |
| Diagnostic criteria with improved sensitivity and specificity |
| Classification criteria to identify subpopulations of SLE with distinct pathogenetic, clinical, and laboratory features and response to therapy |
| Diagnostic algorithms for neuropsychiatric lupus |
| Treatment |
| Indications and optimal targets for autologous stem-cell therapy in SLE |
| Major indications for biological therapies in SLE (B cell depletion, inhibition of B cell differentiation, costimulation blockade, toleragens) |
| Optimum management of membranous nephropathy |
| Options for resistant disease involving major and non-major organs |
| Indications, efficacy, toxicity of combined immunosuppressive and anticoagulant therapy for patients with antiphospholipid syndrome and SLE |
| Flares |
| Mechanisms of flare: residual vs sub-clinical disease vs de novo flare |
| Biomarkers for residual disease and for early relapse |
| Optimal management of flares |
| Comorbidities |
| Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease |
| Primary prevention and screening for osteoporosis |
| Strategies to increase compliance with therapy and preventive medicine |
| Strategies to decrease morbidity and mortality from infection |
| Validation of the Charlson Comorbidity score in SLE trials for optimal patient stratification |
| Neonatal lupus |
| Epidemiology, risk factors and management |
| Pregnancy |
| Impact of assisted fertilisation on disease activity |
| Effect of maternal immunosuppressive treatment on offspring long-term outcome |
| Antiphospholipid antibodies |
| Determine whether individuals with persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies should receive prophylaxis (and type of) for thrombosis or pregnancy-related type morbidity |
| Recommended treatment for pregnant patients with APS who had pregnancy loss on low-dose aspirin and heparin |
| Paediatric and adolescent SLE |
| Epidemiology, optimal management and long-term outcome |
| Geriatric lupus |
| Epidemiology, optimal management and long-term outcome |