Table 3

Mean annual costs (in euros) by disease and sex

	RA		AS		PsA		SLE
	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men	Women	Men
AS, ankylosing spondylitis; FCA, friction cost approach; HCA, human capital approach; PsA, psoriatic arthritis; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.
*Including imaging and endoprosthetics.
n	3434	917	311	516	504	404	756	88
Mean age	52	54	47	45	50	48	42	42
Employed (%)	43	54	57	72	53	75	53	72
Disability pension (%)	26	29	21	22	23	14	27	24
Direct costs
Visits to doctor	295	310	238	211	249	234	219	203
Drugs	1869	1749	1322	1658	1000	1231	837	968
Non-drug treatments*	433	330	338	321	411	206	192	118
Inpatient treatment	1670	1458	1123	1054	1253	866	1481	1812
Patient “out-of-pocket” expenditures	607	390	609	482	494	318	440	283
Σ	4874	4236	3630	3726	3406	2855	3168	3385
Indirect costs (loss of productivity)
Sick leave	1619	1943	2014	2477	1600	1202	1804	2039
Permanent work disability (HCA)	8987	10008	7168	7701	7863	4932	9503	8370
Permanent work disability (FCA)	1428	1590	1139	1224	1250	784	1510	1330
Total costs (HCA)	15479	16187	12812	13904	12870	8989	14475	13793
Total costs (FCA)	7921	7769	6783	7426	6256	4841	6482	6753