Table 8

Studies dealing with efficacy of influenza vaccination in SLE patients

Study	Year	SLE patients	Controls; study design	Parameters	Humoral response of SLE patients	Influence of drug treatment
GMT, geometric mean titre; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus.
Brodman et al⁵	1978	46	58 healthy controls	GMTs	Similar/decreased	No significant effect of prednisone, azathioprine, or hydroxychloroquine
			23 patients on prednisone, mean	Titres ⩾40
			20 mg/d
			3 patients on azathioprine, 50 mg/d
			28 patients on hydroxychloroquine

Louie et al⁶	1978	11	8 healthy controls	4-fold rises	Similar	–
				GMTs

Ristow et al⁴	1978	29	29 healthy controls, matched for prevaccination antibody titre	4-fold rises	Decreased/similar	No significant effect
				GMTs	(trend towards lower immunogenicity)

Williams et al⁷	1978	19	36 healthy controls	4-fold rises	Decreased	Trend towards lower immunogenicity when using prednisone
			Influenza vaccination in 19 patients and 18 controls, placebo vaccination in 21 patients and 18 controls, double blind; controls were matched for prevaccination antibody titre	GMTs
				Titres ⩾40


Herron et al²	1979	20	32 healthy controls, open label study	4-fold rises	Similar	Trend towards lower immunogenicity when using prednisone
Herron et al²	1979	20	32 healthy controls, open label study	GMTs	Similar


Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou et al³	2001	11	Both patients and healthy controls (5) were children	4-fold rises	Similar	No significant effect
Kanakoudi-Tsakalidou et al³	2001	11	Both patients and healthy controls (5) were children	GMTs	Similar	No significant effect
				Titres ⩾40

Abu-Shakra et al¹¹	2002	24	None, immunogenicity of vaccination was compared with expected immunogenicity	4-fold rises	Decreased	Trend towards lower immunogenicity in case of azathioprine or ⩾10 mg prednisone/day
				Titres ⩾40