Baseline characteristics of the study population (n = 3906)
| Characteristic | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Female (%) | 58.3 | ||
| Age (years) (mean (SD)) | 66.6 (7.3) | ||
| +Hand disability (%) | 5.8 | ||
| ++Overall disability index (%) | 20.2 |
| Right/left | Right | Left | |
|---|---|---|---|
| +Hand disability: mean score of 0.5 or more of various components composed of eight questions related to hand function on the Stanford health assessment questionnaire (HAQ). | |||
| ++Overall disability index: mean score of 0.5 or more on HAQ index (scored 0 to 3). | |||
| *ROA: presence of K-L ⩾2 in at least one joint of the group. | |||
| †Hand ROA: presence of K-L ⩾2 in two of three groups (DIP, PIP, CMC1/TS). | |||
| CMC1/TS, first carpometacarpal plus trapezioscaphoid (base of thumb); DIP, distal interphalangeal; K-L, Kellgren–Lawrence radiological grade; MCP, metacarpophalangeal; PIP, proximal interphalangeal; ROA, radiographic osteoarthritis. | |||
| *ROA of DIP joints (%) | 47.3 | 38.6 | 34.8 |
| *ROA of PIP joints (%) | 18.2 | 13.4 | 11.6 |
| *ROA of MCP joints (%) | 8.2 | 6.1 | 4.4 |
| *ROA of CMC1/TS (%) | 35.8 | 25.8 | 30.2 |
| †Hand ROA (%) | 28.3 | 21.5 | 20.6 |
| Hand pain (%) | 16.8 | 14.2 | 13.5 |