Anatomical structure with ultrasound plane; localisation of measurement; mean, maximum, and minimum value; and two standard deviations at the elbows, wrists, hands, and fingers
| Anatomical structure | Ultrasound plane | Exact localisation | Mean value (mm) | Minimum (mm) | Maximum (mm) | 2 SD (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elbow: coronoid fossa, bone-capsule distance | Elbow: anterior longitudinal | Bottom of coronoid fossa | 1.8 | 0.3 | 5.9 | 1.9 |
| Elbow: anterior ulnar, bone-capsule distance | Elbow: anterior transverse | Most anterior ulnar point | 1.0 | 0.6 | 2.5 | 0.5 |
| Elbow: olecranon fossa, bone-capsule distance | Elbow: posterior longitudinal, maximum flexion | Bottom of olecranon fossa, midline | 1.9 | 0.2 | 4.8 | 2.0 |
| Wrist: radiocarpal joint, volar bone-capsule distance | Wrist: volar longitudinal radial | Scaphoid bone 1 cm distal of joint | 1.7 | 0.2 | 4.9 | 1.7 |
| Wrist: radiocarpal joint, dorsal bone-capsule distance | Wrist: dorsal longitudinal radial | Scaphoid bone 1 cm distal of joint | 1.5 | 0.2 | 3.7 | 1.4 |
| Wrist: head of the ulna, volar bone-capsule distance | Wrist: volar longitudinal ulnar | Ulna 1 cm proximal of joint | 1.1 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 1.0 |
| Wrist: head of the ulna, dorsal bone-capsule distance | Wrist: dorsal longitudinal ulnar | Maximum dorsal point of ulna | 0.8 | 0.1 | 2.5 | 0.8 |
| Wrist: extensor carpi ulnaris tendon transverse diameter | Wrist: dorsal transverse ulnar | Directly distal of the head of the ulna | 5.4 | 1.8 | 9,0 | 2.6 |
| Wrist: extensor carpi ulnaris tendon sagittal diameter | Wrist: dorsal transverse ulnar | Directly distal of the head of the ulna | 2.7 | 1.2 | 7.0 | 2.1 |
| Wrist: extensor carpi ulnaris tendon hypoechoic rim | Wrist: dorsal transverse ulnar | Directly distal of the head of the ulna | 1.2 | 0.2 | 3.8 | 1.0 |
| Hand: index finger flexor tendons transverse diameter | Hand: volar transverse | 1 cm proximal of MCP II joint | 6.4 | 2.4 | 13.6 | 2.7 |
| Hand: index finger flexor tendons sagittal diameter | Hand: volar transverse | 1 cm proximal of MCP II joint | 3.6 | 0.6 | 9.3 | 2.2 |
| Hand: index finger flexor tendons hypoechoic rim | Hand: volar transverse | 1 cm proximal of MCP II joint | 0.9 | 0.2 | 3.9 | 0.8 |
| MCP II joint: maximum bone-capsule distance | MCP II: joint volar longitudinal | Region proximal of MCP II | 0.9 | 0.3 | 2.7 | 1.0 |
| PIP II joint: maximum bone-capsule distance | PIP II: joint volar longitudinal | Region proximal of PIP II | 0.8 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 0.8 |