Characteristics of the included studies (n = 14)
| Reference | Definition used in study | Study group | Qualification of observers | Radiograph | Prevalence (%) | Number of observers | Number of readings | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Setting | Size | Male (%) | Age | |||||||
| *Study group includes patients with hip pain who consulted the general practitioner. | ||||||||||
| NA, not applicable; NP, not provided; AP, anteroposterior radiograph; IQR interquartile range. | ||||||||||
| Altman (1991)10 | ACR | Rheumatological setting | 227 | 63.7 | 61 (mean) | Musculoskeletal radiologist | AP | NA | ||
| Antoniades (2000)22 | Croft’s grade MJS (Croft) | St Thomas’ UK twin register | 1148 | 0 | 53 (median)(range 40–70) | Trained | Pelvic AP (supine) | 8 (⩾2) | 1 | 2 |
| 5 (⩾3) | ||||||||||
| 8 (⩽2.5 mm) | ||||||||||
| Bellamy (1999)23 | ACR | Australian twin register | 159 | 28.9 | 58.79 (mean) | Rheumatologist | AP | NP | 3 | 1 |
| Bierma-Zeinstra (1999)12 | Kellgren and Lawrence JSN | General practice | 227 | 27 | 66 (mean)(SD 9.6) | Radiologist and 1 trained | Pelvic AP and axial (frog-leg position) | NA* | 2 | 1 |
| ACR | ||||||||||
| Birrell (2001)20 | Croft’s grade MJS (Croft) | General practice | 195 | 32.3 | 63 (median)(IQR 54–71) | NP | Pelvic AP | NA* | 2 | 2 |
| Croft (1990)8 | Croft’s grade MJS (Croft) | Intravenous urogram | 1315 | 100 | 60–75 (range) | Trained | Intravenous urogram | 24.3 (⩾2) | 2 | 2 |
| 11.0 (⩾3) | ||||||||||
| 14.4 (⩽2.5) | ||||||||||
| 2.0 (⩽1.5) | ||||||||||
| Hirsch (1998)5 | Kellgren and Lawrence MJS (Croft) | Population based | 755 | 37.9 | 58.3 (mean) | Trained | Pelvic AP | 3.6 10.8 (<2.5) | 2 | 2 |
| Ingvarsson (2000)19 | Kellgren and Lawrence MJS (Croft) | Colon radiographs | 1501 | 42.5 | Not given | NP | Colon AP (supine) | 9.2 10.0 (⩽2.5) | 3 | 2 |
| Kellgren (1957)7 | Kellgren and Lawrence | Population based | 85 | NP | 55–64 (range) | Trained | NP | NP | 2 | 2 |
| Lane (1993)13 | Index according to Lane | Study of osteoporotic fractures | 31 | 0 | 70 (median)(range 65–86) | Trained | Pelvic AP | 55.5 (right hip ⩾2) | 3 | 2 |
| 36.1 (left hip ⩾2) | ||||||||||
| MacGregor21 (2000)21 | Croft’s grade MJS (Croft) | St Thomas UK adult twin register | 824 | 0 | 57.4 (mean)(range 50–72) | Trained | Pelvic AP (supine) | 16.3 (⩾1) | 1 | 2 |
| 11.7 (⩾2) | ||||||||||
| 10.9 | ||||||||||
| Nevitt (1995)14 | Index according to Lane | Study of osteoporotic fractures | 4090 | 0 | 71.1 (mean)(SD 4.9) | Trained | Pelvic AP | 7.1 (⩾2) | 3 | 1 |
| 4.7 (⩾3) | ||||||||||
| Smith (1995)27 | Croft’s grade MJS (Croft) | Intravenous urogram | 203 | 0 | 60–75 (range) | NP | Intravenous urogram | NP | 2 | 2 |
| Sun (1997)4 | Kellgren and Lawrence | Systematic review | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| Croft’s grade MJS (Croft) | ||||||||||