Age (10 year increase) | 9.3 | (−0.4 to 19.9) |
Body mass index (5 unit increase)† | 22.3 | (12.1 to 33.4) |
Female sex | 25.9 | (3.7 to 52.8) |
Comorbidity |
Hypertension‡ | 3.7 | (−12.7 to 23.2) |
Coronary artery disease | 14.0 | (−9.8 to 44.0) |
Congestive heart failure§ | 2.9 | (−16.1 to 26.2) |
Diabetes¶ | 11.4 | (−13.8 to 44.0) |
Use of diuretics | 34.0 | (9.9 to 63.3) |
Smoking |
Former | 35.8 | (13.6 to 62.5) |
Current | 92.2 | (51.4 to 144) |
Alcohol consumption |
None | 0.0 | Reference |
<10 g/day | −2.8 | (−23.3 to 23.2) |
⩾10 g/day | −5.5 | (−28.4 to 24.8) |
Intensity of pain (10 mmVAS** increase) | 5.7 | (1.1 to 10.4) |
Intensity of pain (mmVAS**, separate model) |
⩽58 | 0.0 | Reference |
59–⩽69 | 13.7 | (−9.0 to 42.1) |
70–⩽78 | 17.0 | (−6.8 to 46.9) |
79–⩽87 | 20.0 | (−4.5 to 50.8) |
⩾88 | 35.5 | (7.4 to 70.8) |
Additional painful joint regions | 17.0 | (−1.8 to 39.5) |