Comparison among countries of the annual healthcare resource use and annual societal costs per patient
| Annual health resource use per patient; mean [median] | Annual costs in € per patient; mean [median] (% of total) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Resource categories | The Netherlands (n=130) | France (n=53) | Belgium (n=26) | The Netherlands | France | Belgium |
| *Bootstrapped difference between the Netherlands and France statistically significant; | ||||||
| †bootstrapped difference between the Netherlands and Belgium statistically significant; | ||||||
| ‡bootstrapped difference between France and Belgium statistically significant; | ||||||
| §includes costs of spa therapy for one Dutch patient and two French patients; | ||||||
| ¶includes admissions to hospital, attendance at emergency department and (day care) admissions to rehabilitation day clinic; | ||||||
| **confidence interval (CI) assessed by 95% method of 10 000 bootstrapped replications. | ||||||
| General practitioner† | 1.4 [0.5] visits | 2.2 [1.0] visits | 4.0 [1.1] visits | 23 [42] (0.8%) | 36 [51] (1.5%) | 66 [106] (4%) |
| All specialists | 2.6 [1.5] visits | 2.6 [1.0] visits | 3.3 [2.7] visits | 181 [105] (6.4%) | 181 [70] (7%) | 219[189] (12%) |
| Rheumatologist† | 1.7 [1] visits | 1.6 [0.5] visits | 2.6 [2.4] visits | 118 [76] (4%) | 114 [34] (4%) | 184 [168] (10%) |
| Physiotherapist§ | 18.3 [6.5] visits | 17.4 [4.4] visits | 26.6 [14.3] visits | 330 [116] (12%) | 338 [85] (13%) | 472 [254] (26%) |
| Other care providers†‡ | 0.4 [0] visits | 0.6 [0] visits | 0.1 [0] visits | 22 [0] (0.8%) | 28 [0] (1%) | 3 [0] (0.2%) |
| Drugs*‡ | 1.2 [1] kind of drugs | 2.0 [2] kind of drugs | 1.4 [1] kind of drugs | 282 [151] (10%) | 465 [371] (18%) | 306 [229] (17%) |
| Technical procedures | 4.5 [2.7] examinations | 4.1 [2.5] examinations | 4.6 [5.6] examinations | 204 [45] (7%) | 152 [53] (6%) | 278 [114] (16%) |
| Inpatient care¶† | 2.6 [0] days | 2.7 [0] days | 0.3 [0] days | 800 [0] (28%) | 759 [0] (30%) | 85 [0] (4.7%) |
| Aids and adaptations*† | 0.3 aids | 0.1 aids | 0.02 aids | 199 [0] (7%) | 37 [0] (1%) | 4 [0] (0.2%) |
| Formal home care | 17.1 [0] hours | 3.9 [0] hours | 8.0 [0] hours | 295 [0] (10%) | 68 [0] (3%) | 218 [0] (12%) |
| All healthcare costs (€) | 2335 [1025] (82%) | 2064 [983] (80%) | 1572 [1122] (88%) | |||
| (CI 1774 to 2962)** | (CI 1120 to 3405)** | (CI 1084 to 2200)** | ||||
| Swim and exercise group | 16 [4.8] sessions | 6 [1] sessions | 5 [0.75] sessions | |||
| Contributions*†‡ | 51 [0] (2%) | 14 [0] (0.5%) | 6.0 [0] (0.3%) | |||
| Informal household care | 46 [0] hours | 54 [0] hours | 14 [0] hours | 369 [0] (13%) | 429 [0] (17%) | 111.0 [0] (6%) |
| Transportation | 528 [175] km | 451 [96] km | 777 [407] km | 74 [31] (7%) | 62 [24] (2%) | 101 [57] (6%) |
| All non-healthcare costs† (€) | 502 [131] (18%) | 506 [62] (20%) | 218 [63] (12%) | |||
| (CI 314 to 760)** | (CI 101 to 1187)** | (CI 72 to 405)** | ||||
| Total direct costs† (€) | 2837 [1267] (100%) | 2570 [1078] (100%) | 1790 [1161] (100%) | |||
| (CI 2200 to 3506)** | (CI 1262 to 4415)** | (CI 1140 to 2572)** | ||||