Echocardiographic and Doppler variables in patients and control subjects
| Controls | Patients | |
| LA (mm) | 34.79 (3.91) | 37.50 (4.94)* |
| LVD (mm) | 47.45 (4.65) | 48.05 (3.90) |
| LVS(mm) | 29.31 (3.15) | 29.9 (2.95) |
| LV mass (g) | 145.27 (47.29) | 146.60 (38.32) |
| LVI mass (g/m2) | 87.21 (21.96) | 87.53 (22.46) |
| FS (%) | 38.20 (3.69) | 37.81 (3.1) |
| EF (%) | 76.3 (7.10) | 76.5 (6.80) |
| E (cm/s) | 72.77 (8.78) | 75.38 (13.88) |
| A (cm/s) | 55.65 (11.82) | 68.91 (20.89)‡ |
| E/A | 1.37 (0.32) | 1.16 (0.31)† |
| S (cm/s) | 55.82 (10.77) | 59.86 (12.44) |
| D (cm/s) | 48.48 (13.19) | 44.16 (11.77) |
| S/D | 1.22 (0.29) | 1.43 (0.40)† |
| A-pw (cm/s) | 26.97 (4.75) | 27.46 (3.89) |
| IVRT (ms) | 76.43 (10.20) | 79.53 (12.79) |
| DT (ms) | 171.65 (22.80) | 172.46 (44.31) |
LV: left ventricular; LA: left atrial cavity dimension; LVD: LV end diastolic dimension; LVS: LV end systolic dimension; FS: LV fractional shortening; EF: LV ejection fraction; E/A: ratio between early diastolic (E) and late diastolic (A) flow velocity; DT: deceleration time of flow velocity in early diastole; IVRT: isovolumic relaxation time; S/D: ratio between peak pulmonary venous flow velocity during ventricular systole (S) and during diastole (D); A-pw: peak reverse pulmonary venous flow velocity at atrial contraction. *p=0.03,†p=0.02, ‡p=0.002 v controls. Data shown as mean (SD).