Authors | Geographical location | Number of subjects | Methods used | RP in men (%) | RP in women (%) | |
1990 | Weinrich MC | S Carolina | 5 246 | interview - colour photos | 2.7 | 4.3 |
1990 | Silman A | London | 1 532 | postal questionnaire | 11 | 19 |
questionnaire when attending GP | 16 | 21 | ||||
1991 | Harada N | Japan | 3 873 | interview, photos | 3.3 | 2.5 |
(excluding vibration trauma) | 1 | 1.8 | ||||
1992 | O'Keeffe ST | Burlington, USA | 750 (hospital employees) | questionnaire, interview, photos | 4 | 9 |
1992 | Bartelink ML | Nijmegen, Netherlands | 508 | validated questionnaire | 0.5 | 2.9 |
RP monophasic white | 5.4 | 7.5 | ||||
RP monophasic | 10.4 | 21.2 | ||||
1993 | Riera G | Girona, Spain | 1 467 | questionnaire, interview, examination | 3.2 | 4.7 |
1993 | Maricq HR | Charleston, S. Carolina | 4 086 | telephone interview (phase I) | 4.3 | 5.7 |
Tarentaise Savoie France | interview - examination (phase II) | 13.5 | 20.1 | |||
1997 | Maricq HR | S Carolina | 10 149 (phase I) | telephone survey | ||
4 regions in France | 1 534 (phase II) | face to face interview | ||||
clinical evaluation | ||||||
-Charleston | 0.8 | 3.4 | ||||
-Toulon | 2.8 | 11.4 | ||||
-Nyons | 6.2 | 5.8 | ||||
-Grenoble | 6.4 | 12.1 | ||||
-Tarentaise | 6.3 | 15.8 | ||||
1997 | Valter I | Tartu, Tartumaa, | 2 626 (phase I) | postal questionnaire | ||
S Estonia | 457 (phase II) | interview color charts | 7.9 | 8.3 |
RP = Raynaud's phenomenon.