Footnotes

• Contributors KY performed the experiments, analysed the data and interpreted the data. AT-K interpreted the data and critically revised the manuscript. KM designed the study, performed the experiments, analysed the data, interpreted the data and wrote the manuscript. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

• Funding This research was supported by the research grant for host defense (#200040700004).

• Competing interests None declared.

• Patient and public involvement Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; internally peer reviewed.

• Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the author(s). It has not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and may not have been peer-reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are solely those of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all liability and responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content. Where the content includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the accuracy and reliability of the translations (including but not limited to local regulations, clinical guidelines, terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not responsible for any error and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or otherwise.