Footnotes

• Handling editor Josef S Smolen

• Twitter @jumah_husam

• Contributors Conducting the research: HJ and SA designed the study. HJ collected the cases and analysed the data/results. SA reviewed the slides and did the interpretation. Preparing the manuscript: HJ wrote the manuscript. MS cowrote and critically revised the manuscript. AK, BL, YL, DO, KWE, AL and SA critically revised the manuscript. All authors contributed importantly to this study.

• Funding We acknowledge funding from the Morgridge Institute for Research and NIH R01 R01CA238191 to KWE, and NIH R01GM101701 to MS.

• Competing interests MS: NIH R01GM101701. KWE: The Morgridge Institute for Research, NIH R01CA238191, Bruker (Consultant to KWE, stock or stock options with KWE) and Elephas (Consultant to KWE, stock or stock options with KWE). BL: Studentship stipends made to personal account (University of Wisconsin-Madison), travel reimbursement made to personal account (Morgridge Institute for Research), and Studentship stipends made to personal account (University of Wisconsin-Madison).

• Patient and public involvement Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, or conduct, or reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.