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  • AB0629 ACCURACY OF SYNOVIAL FLUID ANALYSIS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE CRYSTALS: AN ANCILLARY STUDY OF OMERACT CRITERION VALIDITY STUDY FOR ULTRASOUND IN CPPD

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Scientific Abstracts
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Crystal diseases, metabolic bone diseases other than osteoporosis
AB0629 ACCURACY OF SYNOVIAL FLUID ANALYSIS FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE CRYSTALS: AN ANCILLARY STUDY OF OMERACT CRITERION VALIDITY STUDY FOR ULTRASOUND IN CPPD
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  1. A. Adinolfi1,
  2. S. Sirotti2,
  3. M. Gutierrez3,
  4. C. Pineda3,
  5. D. Clavijo Cornejo3,
  6. T. Serban4,
  7. A. Dumitru5,
  8. A. Scanu6,
  9. M. A. D’agostino7,
  10. H. Keen8,
  11. L. Terslev9,
  12. P. Sarzi-Puttini2,
  13. C. A. Scirè10,
  14. A. Iagnocco11,
  15. G. Filippou2
  16. on behalf of Omeract Ultrasound working group, subgroup CPPD
  1. 1ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Rheumatology Unit, Milan, Italy
  2. 2Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Rheumatology Department, Milan, Italy
  3. 3Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitacion, Division of Musculoskeletal and Rheumatic Diseases, Mexico City, Mexico
  4. 4Ospedale La Colletta, ASL3 Genovese, Rheumatology Department, Genoa, Italy
  5. 5Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Pathology, Bucharest r, Romania
  6. 6University of Padova, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Rheumatology Unit, Padova, Italy
  7. 7Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCSS, Rheumatology Department, Rome, Italy
  8. 8The University of Western Australia, Medicine and Pharmacology Department, Murdoch, Perth, Australia
  9. 9Copenhagen University, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
  10. 10Società Italiana di Reumatologia, Epidemiology Research Unit, Milan, Italy
  11. 11Università degli Studi di Torino, Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Torino, Italy

Abstract

Background: Synovial fluid analysis (SFA) via compensated polarized light microscopy is still considered the gold standard for the identification and diagnosis of Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition disease (CPPD)-related arthropathies[1], but very few studies have been published about its diagnostic accuracy.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of SFA in the identification of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPP) crystals compared to microscopic analysis of joint tissues as the reference standard.

Methods: This is an ancillary study of an international, multicentre cross-sectional study performed by the CPPD subgroup of the OMERACT Ultrasound working group[2]. Consecutive patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) waiting for total knee replacement surgery were enrolled in the study from 2 participating centres, Mexico and Romania. During surgical procedures synovial fluid (SF), menisci and hyaline cartilage were collected and analysed within 48 hours after surgery under transmitted light microscopy and compensated polarised light microscopy for the presence/absence of CPP crystals. All slides were analysed by expert examiners on site, blinded to other findings. A dichotomic score (absence/presence) was used for scoring both SF and tissues. Microscopic analysis of knee tissues was considered the gold standard. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of SFA in the identification of CPP crystals were calculated.

Results: 15 patients (53% female, mean age 68yo ± 8.4) with OA of grade 3 or 4 according to Kellgren-Lawrence scoring were enrolled. 12 patients (80%) were positive for CPP crystals at SFA and 14 (93%) at tissues microscopic analysis. Among 12 SFA positive patients, all were positive for CPP crystals in either medial or lateral meniscus, and 11 were positive in both; 10 patients were positive at the hyaline cartilage, and all 10 were also positive for at least one meniscus. Regarding the 3 SFA negative patients, only one had no crystals in the examined tissues, while the other 2 patients had CPP crystals in both menisci and hyaline cartilage. The overall diagnostic accuracy of SFA compared to histology analysis for CPPD was 87%, with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 100%, the PPV was 100% and the NPV was 33% (Table 1).

View this table:
Table 1.

sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of synovial fluid analysis compared to the reference standard. CI: Confidential Interval. SF: synovial fluid, in parentheses: numerators and denominators for all percentages provided.

Conclusion: SFA demonstrated to be an accurate test for the identification of CPP crystals in patients with advanced OA. However, is not always feasible and carries some risks for the patient. Considering the availability of validated imaging techniques for the detection of CPPD, such as US, SFA could be used in those patients where imaging and clinical data are not definitely confirmatory of the disease.

References: [1]W. Zhang et al., ‘European League Against Rheumatism recommendations for calcium pyrophosphate deposition. Part I: terminology and diagnosis’, Ann Rheum Dis, vol. 70, no. 4, pp. 563–570, Apr. 2011, doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.139105.

[2]G. Filippou et al., ‘Criterion validity of ultrasound in the identification of calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposits at the knee: an OMERACT ultrasound study’, Ann Rheum Dis, p. annrheumdis-2020-217998, Sep. 2020, doi: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-217998.

Disclosure of Interests: None declared.

https://doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.601

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