Footnotes

• Handling editor Josef S Smolen

• H-YM and JCCW contributed equally.

• Contributors H-YM and JCCW conceptualised the research and drafted the manuscripts. X-HC interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. H-HC contributed to the research design, performed data analysis and graph generation and critically revised the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.

• Funding This work was supported by funding from Chung Shan Medical University Hospital grant number CSH-2018-C-023 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants [81 760 298].

• Competing interests None declared.

• Patient and public involvement The requirement for informed consent was waived because personal details were completely anonymised before analysis of data.

• Patient consent for publication Not required.

• Ethics approval This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Taichung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan (approval number: CE17100B).

• Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer reviewed.