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Autoantibodies
A gene–environment interaction between HLA SE alleles and smoking affects the reactivity of ACPA to various citrullinated antigens
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  1. D van der Woude,
  2. W G Alemayehu,
  3. N A Daha,
  4. W Verduyn,
  5. R R P de Vries,
  6. J J Houwing-Duistermaat,
  7. T W J Huizinga,
  8. R E M Toes
  1. Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands

https://doi.org/10.1136/ard.2010.129577r

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    Objective

    It has recently been postulated that a specific interaction exists between genotype, smoking and autoimmunity to citrullinated α-enolase peptide (CEP-1), and that therefore, the major genetic and environmental susceptibility factors for RA are mainly associated with the development of anti-CEP1-positive disease. It is unclear however, if this interaction is truly …

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