Article Text
Abstract
Patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) are characterised by a wide range of clinical presentations, radiographic profiles, and outcomes, which are not well differentiated by current diagnostic and classification systems for the disorder. Inadequacies in these systems may limit clinicians’ ability to manage their patients with AS appropriately and act as an obstacle to reasonable comparison of therapeutic trial results. A standardised staging system for AS is therefore proposed that would provide a more detailed categorisation of patients based on assessment of structural damage, peripheral joint and organ involvement, presence of concomitant diseases, and the severity and extent of disease activity and functional impairment. The proposed system needs to be evaluated closely and amended as needed to assure its usefulness in clinical and research settings.
- ankylosing spondylitis
- classification
- diagnosis
- staging
- AS, ankylosing spondylitis
- ASAS, Ankylosing Spondylitis Assessment (Working Group)
- BASDAI, Bath AS Disease Activity Index
- BASFI, Bath AS Functional Index
- CRP, C reactive protein
- DC-ART, disease controlling anti rheumatic treatment
- DISH, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
- ESSG, European Spondylarthropathy Study Group
- HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- J, joint
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NSAID, non-steroidal antirheumatic drug
- O, organ
- Ps, psoriasis
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- ReA, reactive arthritis
- SAPHO, synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis
- SpA, spondyloarthropathy
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- uSpA, undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy
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- AS, ankylosing spondylitis
- ASAS, Ankylosing Spondylitis Assessment (Working Group)
- BASDAI, Bath AS Disease Activity Index
- BASFI, Bath AS Functional Index
- CRP, C reactive protein
- DC-ART, disease controlling anti rheumatic treatment
- DISH, diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
- ESSG, European Spondylarthropathy Study Group
- HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- J, joint
- MRI, magnetic resonance imaging
- NSAID, non-steroidal antirheumatic drug
- O, organ
- Ps, psoriasis
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- ReA, reactive arthritis
- SAPHO, synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis
- SpA, spondyloarthropathy
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- uSpA, undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy