Article Text
Abstract
Objective: To explore the feasibility of prospectively monitoring treatment efficacy and tolerability of infliximab, etanercept, and leflunomide over a two year period in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in clinical practice using a structured protocol.
Methods: All patients with RA at seven centres in southern Sweden, for whom at least two disease modifying antirheumatic drugs, including methotrexate, had failed or not been tolerated, who started treatment with either infliximab, etanercept, or leflunomide were included. They were evaluated at predefined times using a standardised protocol including items required for evaluating response to the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) or EULAR criteria. All adverse events were recorded using World Health Organisation terminology. Concomitant treatment and survival while receiving a drug were recorded.
Results: During the study 166 patients were treated with etanercept, 135 with infliximab, and 103 with leflunomide. Treatment response as determined by the ACR and EULAR response criteria was similar for the tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockers. The TNF blockers performed significantly better than leflunomide both as determined by the response criteria and by survival on drug analysis. Thus 79% and 75% continued to receive etanercept or infliximab compared with 22% of patients who started leflunomide after 20 months. The spectrum of side effects did not differ from those previously reported in the clinical trials. The initial two year experience of a protocol for postmarketing surveillance of etanercept, infliximab, and leflunomide shows that a structured protocol with central data handling can be used in clinical practice for documenting the performance of newly introduced drugs.
Conclusions: Efficacy data for the TNF blockers comply with results in clinical trials, whereas leflunomide appeared to perform worse than in clinical trials. Prolonged monitoring is required to identify possible rare side effects.
- etanercept
- infliximab
- leflunomide
- clinical protocol
- side effects, tolerability
- ACR, American College of Rheumatology
- CRP, C reactive protein
- DAS, disease activity score
- DMARDs, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
- ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire
- MPA, Medical Products Agency
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- VAS, visual analogue scale
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- ACR, American College of Rheumatology
- CRP, C reactive protein
- DAS, disease activity score
- DMARDs, disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
- ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate
- HAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire
- MPA, Medical Products Agency
- RA, rheumatoid arthritis
- TNF, tumour necrosis factor
- VAS, visual analogue scale
Footnotes
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The South Swedish Arthritis Treatment Group includes Helsingborg: Kristina Forslind, Gunilla Gunnarsdotter, Göran Karlsson, Catarina Keller, Sven Noltorp, Dick Sahlberg. Kristianstad: Ido Leden, Jan Theander. Lund: Anita Åkesson, Izabella Bartosik, Christine Bengtsson, Ulf Bergström, Meliha Crnkic, Rabi Dash, Eva Edlund, Renate Elborgh, Pierre Geborek, Andreas Jönssen, Åsa Hägglund, Lotta Larsson, Elisabeth Lindqvist, Bengt Månsson, Ola Nived, Gabriella Olsson, Lars Rydgren, Tore Saxne, Agneta Scheja, Christina Ståhl-Hallengren, Gunnar Sturfelt, Gertrud Widell. Simrishamn: Anders Gülfe, Helén Petri. Spenshult: Torvald Berg, Ann Helén von Braun, Julio Goobar, Gunilla Holmström, Leena Niemelää, Olle Nillius, Ingemar Petersson, Per-Erik Rönnborg, Hanna Slomkowska, Annika Teleman. Trelleborg: Miriam Karlsson, Eva Nitelius. Växjö: Anneli Östensson, Maria Söderlin.