Gold therapy given to 73 patients with rheumatoid arthritis was associated with remission of synovitis for 3 months or longer in 27 patients and 50% or greater improvement in 20 patients. New joint deformities did not develop in patients who experienced remission, and progression of radiologically detectable erosive changes was prevented. Serum protein and serologic abnormalities were improved in all groups, but patients who had a good response experienced the greatest improvement. No single clinical or laboratory feature in the pretreatment assessment predicted response, but, as a group, the patients with the best response also ranked best for most prognostic indicators.