We studied the sex hormone status of 21 seropositive (IgM-RF) women with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), who were subdivided according to their premenopausal and postmenopausal status. Age matched women with secondary osteoarthritis were used as controls. The hormones evaluated were luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), prolactin (PRL), 17-beta-estradiol (E2), progesterone (Pg), testosterone (T), delta 4-androstenedione (A), dehydrotestosterone (DHT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) and cortisol (C). Normal concentrations of all the hormones considered were found in premenopausal women with RA. Statistically higher concentrations of T (p less than 0.05), A (p less than 0.05) and DHEAS (p less than 0.01) were observed in postmenopausal women with RA when compared to controls, whereas no differences were found for all other hormones studied. Although the significance of observed relative hyperandrogenism in postmenopausal women with RA is not clear, our data seem to indicate that sex hormone levels are altered in patients with RA.