Objective: By producing instability in mouse knee joints, we attempted to determine the involvement of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), which is required for chondrocyte hypertrophy, in the development of osteoarthritis (OA).
Methods: An experimental mouse OA model was created by surgical transection of the medial collateral ligament and resection of the medial meniscus of the knee joints of heterozygous RUNX-2-deficient (Runx2+/-) mice and wild-type littermates. Cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation in the medial tibial cartilage were compared by histologic and radiographic analyses. Localization of type X collagen and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) was examined by immunohistochemistry. Localization of RUNX-2 was determined by X-Gal staining in heterozygous RUNX-2-deficient mice with the lacZ gene insertion at the Runx2-deletion site (Runx2+/lacZ). Messenger RNA levels of type X collagen, MMP-13, and RUNX-2 were examined by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis.
Results: RUNX-2 was induced in the articular cartilage of wild-type mice at the early stage of OA, almost simultaneously with type X collagen but earlier than MMP-13. Runx2+/- and Runx2+/lacZ mice showed normal skeletal development and articular cartilage; however, after induction of knee joint instability, they exhibited decreased cartilage destruction and osteophyte formation, along with reduced type X collagen and MMP-13 expression, as compared with wild-type mice.
Conclusion: RUNX-2 contributes to the pathogenesis of OA through chondrocyte hypertrophy and matrix breakdown after the induction of joint instability.