Central nervous system involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus: A review of neuropathologic findings in 57 cases, 1955–1977

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      Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (see also article by [51] in this issue) is a classic example of a systemic inflammatory or autoimmune disorder where vasculitis occurs occasionally and as a non-inevitable complication – in this instance, rather rarely but with potentially devastating consequences. Neurological or psychiatric symptoms in SLE are common (40–50%) [19,20], and very well described, but by far the most frequent neuropathological finding is that of a non-inflammatory vasculopathy of small arterioles and capillaries, with resulting microinfarcts and microhaemorrhages [21–24]. Antiphospholipid antibody-mediated thrombosis is a second major mechanism of ischaemic brain injury.

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