Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
Increased anti-Sm antibodies in schizophrenic patients and their families
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A systematic, quantitative review of blood autoantibodies in schizophrenia
2013, Schizophrenia ResearchCitation Excerpt :Findings in FEP also empirically support a role for genetic factors. Furthermore, several studies have found an increased prevalence of autoantibodies in unaffective first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (Sirota et al., 1993a, 1993b; Firer et al., 1994). Lastly, some studies have reported an increased prevalence of autoantibodies in subjects with a specific histocompatibility antigen (HLA) phenotype (Chengappa et al., 1995; Vargas-Alarcon et al., 1997).
Altered immune function in unaffected first-degree biological relatives of schizophrenia patients
2012, Psychiatry ResearchCitation Excerpt :In addition, it is known that not only the patients with schizophrenia suffer from autoimmune disorders; their families also exhibit higher levels of autoimmune conditions (Wright et al., 1996). Moreover, patients with schizophrenia and their relatives have higher antinuclear antibody and anti-DNA (de-oxyribonucleic acid) antibody levels (Sirota, 1993) and pathogenic immune complexes in circulation than healthy controls (Mailian et al., 2005). To date, in relation to cytokines, only very few studies have been conducted by measuring, IFN-γ, sIL-2R and IL-6 blood levels in first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia (Arolt et al., 1997; Gaughran et al., 2002; Nunes et al., 2006).
Reduced anticardiolipin antibodies in first episode and chronic schizophrenia
2006, Psychiatry ResearchSoluble interleukin 2 receptor levels in families of people with schizophrenia
2002, Schizophrenia ResearchImmunity and schizophrenia: Autoimmunity, cytokines, and immune responses
2002, International Review of Neurobiology