International Journal of Immunopharmacology
Effect of estradiol on interleukin 1 synthesis by macrophages
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2020, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity - HealthCitation Excerpt :R. S. Smith first proposed that the patterns of MDD reflected an increase in immune cell activation, specifically, macrophage activation. He cited the in vitro activation of rat monocytes by estradiol as an explanation for observed sex differences in MDD incidence (HuMitcho and Rath, 1988). He also cited the increased rates of depression in patients with coronary heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and stroke, all conditions with high macrophage activity as support for this hypothesis (Smith, 1991).
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2018, Experimental GerontologyCitation Excerpt :The LPS-stimulated IL-1β production by peritoneal macrophages was shown to be higher in young female than in young male (Ćuruvija et al., 2017), or prepubertal female (Hu et al., 1988) rats. Moreover, the in vivo treatment with E2 was able to restore the ovariectomy-induced decrease in IL-1β production by macrophages from young females (Hu et al., 1988), all of which suggests the importance of basal E2 levels for macrophage IL-1β production. The lower E2 concentrations in vitro enhanced, whereas the higher concentrations inhibited macrophage IL-1β release (Hu et al., 1988).