ReviewRevisiting and revising suppressor T cells
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Temporal dynamics of nutrient balance, plasma biochemical and immune traits, and liver function in transition dairy cows
2020, Journal of Integrative AgricultureCellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Autoimmunity and Lupus Nephritis
2017, International Review of Cell and Molecular BiologyCitation Excerpt :The adoptive transfer of lymphocytes from tolerant animals to naive recipients can induce tolerance in recipients. Such an inducible tolerance was thought to be mediated by suppressor and cytotoxic T cells (Bloom et al., 1992); however, eventually, these cells were identified as regulatory T cells (Tregs). Tregs are produced in the thymus to maintain immune homeostasis.
Effect of prepartum maternal energy density on the growth performance, immunity, and antioxidation capability of neonatal calves
2012, Journal of Dairy ScienceCitation Excerpt :The CD4+ T cells, mainly T-helper (Th)1 and Th2 cells, play a central role in immune protection and are responsible for activating and directing other immune cells (Zhu and William, 2008). The Th1 cells produce IL-2, which is essential for T-cell proliferation and functions as a T-cell growth factor (Miyawaki et al., 1987), whereas Th2 cells produce IL-4 and IL-6 (Bloom et al., 1992). As an important factor in the clonal expansion of antigen-specific B cells, IL-4 enhances the synthesis of IgE (Coffman and Carty, 1986; Kuhn et al., 1991), IgG1 (Coffman et al., 1986), and IgG4 (Lundgren et al., 1989) and induces proliferation and differentiation of B cells (Gemmell and Seymour, 1994).
Human FoxP3 <sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells in systemic autoimmune diseases
2011, Autoimmunity ReviewsCitation Excerpt :Since these milestone findings by Nishizuka et al. and Gershon et al., intense research has focused on the characterization of suppressor T cells first believed to be CD8+ T cells. However, because of the lack of reliable molecular marker, the interest of immunologists in so-called suppressor T cells declined progressively until the early 1990s [14]. Nonetheless, it became evident that particular CD4+ T cells expressing high levels of CD5, CD45RB and CD25 were naturally involved in the maintenance of tolerance because mice lacking these cells developed severe autoimmunity.
Neuroprotective Activities of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> Regulatory T Cells
2010, NeuroImmune BiologyCitation Excerpt :The observation that T cells are able not only to augment, but also to inhibit immune responses, and that downregu-lation is mediated by a T cell subset distinct from conventional T-helper cells, was shown in the 1970s by Gershon and Kondo, and led to the discovery of suppressor T cell populations [34–36]. Although this sparked immediate enthusiasm, failure to find reliable markers for distinguishing suppressor cells from other T cells, ambiguity in the molecular basis of suppression and inability to develop antigen-specific suppressor T cell clones led to waning interest [37, 38]. In this regard, suppressive activities of T cell subsets were attributed to secretion by the cells of immunosuppressive products or cross-regulatory cytokines such as IL-10 [39] or TGF-β [16].